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Top secret United States government UFO documents released to the public.

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Since our founding 50 years ago, the US Air Force has been responsible to the nation for controlling and exploiting the air and space environment. We are the nation’s Air Force—the only service that provides air and space power across the spectrum, from basic research to combat operations. In Apollo’s Warriors, Col Michael Haas, USAF, Retired, brings to life the critical, albeit little-known, contributions US Air Force special operations forces have made to the exercise of air and space power....

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The years from 1947 through the beginning of the twenty first century witnessed the USAF steadily progress until it became the preeminent air force in the world. With less than 400,000 active duty personnel, the USAF has capabilities and tasks today that were not imaginable six decades ago. The World War II legacy from the Army Air Forces, epitomized in the familiar Air Force song lyrics “off we go into the wild blue yonder, climbing high into the sky!” is not forgotten. However, a strong professional image and unparalleled responsibilities in air and space are far more descriptive of today’s USAF....

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By the end of the Vietnam War, advances in technology allowed these FACs to control strikes against targets at night, in bad weather, and with improved precision. Laser-guided weapons systems, new computer navigation equipment, and advanced ground radars combined to provide an effective and lethal capability. If the Mosquitoes were an annoyance in Korea, the Wolves of Vietnam proved to be a deadly addition to the concept of FAC....

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Top secret government UFO documents released to the public.

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1 GREAT ADVENTURE BEGINS . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 THREE MUSKETEERS TIMES TWO . . . . . . . 11 3 AIR-TO-GROUND BATTLE FOR ITALY . . . . .45 4 OPERATION STRANGLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65...

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News that France had declared war on Great Britain in February 1793, and with this declaration that France, by the country's own volition, was now at war with all of Europe, did not reach America until the first half of April of that year. President George Washington was at Mount Vernon attending the funeral of a nephew when he was given the news. He hurried back to Philadelphia and summoned an emergency meeting of his cabinet. In this initial meeting Washington relayed the news, and gave each member of his cabinet a list of 13 questions. He wanted their answers to these questions, he explained, in time for their meeting the following day. These questions ranged from "Should the United States receive an ambassador from France?" to "Should earlier treaties still apply?" But first and foremost came the question: "Should the United States issue an official proclamation of neutrality?"...

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In 1944 a young man from Nahant, Massachusetts, experienced World War II as an unsung corporal assigned to an unheralded unit near an obscure English village. Few history books recall his war. But he and his unit personified a brand of service—seldom newsworthy, often tedious, always selfless—that underpinned Allied victory. This man was my father. This research paper is his unit’s story....

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Top secret United States government UFO documents released to the public.

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This study analyzes the air war plans in World War II and the Persian Gulf War. The goal of this study is to ascertain whether there is a continuity of thought reflected in American air planning over the years. This study assesses Air War Plans Division–1/42 and Instant Thunder as to their importance to contemporary airpower theory. This study concludes that there is a continuity of thought reflected in major air plans, particularly in the issues of strategic bombing, precision attack, and command and control. This study also evaluates Korea and Vietnam as a bridge between World War II and Operation Desert Storm and evaluates the implications of this demonstrated continuity of thought on current and future Air Force doctrine and strategy....

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1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 THE ORIGINS OF AMERICAN AIRPOWER THEORY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3 AIR WAR PLANS DIVISION–42 . . . . . . . . .13 4 KOREA AND VIETNAM: THE BRIDGE . . . . . .25 5 INSTANT THUNDER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 6 CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS . . . . . .55...

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The importance of combat effects in warfare has no second. However, most combat effects would never be delivered without crucial information delivered from combat support forces. In this time of turbulent recapitalization and reorganization within the Air Force, the critical nature of combat and combat support effects must remain foremost in our decisions as we create new commands, place people and resources where needed, and forecast budgets....

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DISCLAIMER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ii FOREWORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v ABOUT THE AUTHOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi EXPANSION OR MARGINALIZATION: HOW EFFECTS-BASED ORGANIZATION COULD DETERMINE THE FUTURE OF AIR FORCE SPACE COMMAND . . . . . . . . . . .1 Domain versus Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Kepler Only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Filling the Effects-Based Void . . . . . . . . . . .13 Further Consolidation for Better Effectiveness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Combat Support Is the Mission . . . . . . . . . 23 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 NOTES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 LIST OF ACRONYMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41...

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This paper addresses Marine Corps aviation’s contribution in the area of air-ground integration during the Second World War. I chose this topic because it is not an area that has been widely researched, and it deals with a mission that I am tasked with as a FA-18 pilot. The issue of air-ground integration is as relevant today as it was in World War II, and it has many implications for air support in the joint arena....

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This volume is a collection of articles written by Frank A. Gardner, M. D., giving the organization and history of all the Massachusetts Regiments which took part in the war of the Revolution. They were published quarterly in The Massachusetts Magazine from 1908-1918. ...

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MAJOR GENERAL ARTEMAS WARD was born in Shrewsbury Nov. 26, 1727. He was the son of Col. Nahum & Martha (Howe) Ward. He graduated from Harvard in 1748. On Jan. 28, 1755, he was commissioned Captain of the First Company of militia of Shrewsbury and Major in the “3rd regiment of militia in the county of Middlesex and Worcester. . . whereof Abraham Williams, Esq. is Colonel.” Early in 1758 he was commissioned Major in the regiment of Col. Wm. Williams, raised “for the general invasion of Canada,” and took part in Abercrombie’s Ticonderoga campaign, being promoted to Lieut. Col. on July 3, 1758. On July 1, 1762 he became Colonel of the Third Regiment of militia of Middlesex and Worcester counties, continuing in its command until 1766. The episode of his removal is part of the political history of Massachusetts. It followed close upon his alignment against the prerogative party, in the political unrest fomented by the Stamp Act — and it was a summary action, put into effect without notice by the following communication delivered by a special mounted messenger: “Boston, June 30, 1766. To Artemas Ward, Esq. Sir— I am ordered ...

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Introduction: The Patriot Army at the Seige (sic) of Boston Chapter 1: Colonel John Glover’s Marblehead Regiment Chapter 2: Colonel William Prescott’s Regiment Chapter 3: Colonel Ephram Doolittle’s Regiment Chapter 4: Colonel Timothy Danielson’s Regiment Chapter 5: Colonel John Fellows’s Regiment Chapter 6: Colonel Ebenezer Bridge’s Regiment Chapter 7: Colonel Timothy Walker’s Regiment Chapter 8: Colonel Theophilus Cotton’s Regiment Chapter 9: Colonel James Frye’s Regiment Chapter 10: Colonel Ruggles Woodbridge’s Regiment Chapter 11: Colonel Thomas Gardner’s Regiment Chapter 12: Colonel Samuel Gerrish’s Regiment Chapter 13: General William Heath’s and Colonel John Greaton’s Regiments Chapter 14: Colonel Ebenezer Learned’s Regiment Chapter 15: Colonel Paul Dudley’s Regiment Chapter 16: Colonel John Mansfield’s Regiment Chapter 17: Colonel Asa Whitcomb’s Regiment Chapter 18: Colonel John Nixon’s Regiment Chapter 19: General John Thomas’s and Colonel John Bailey’s Regiments Chapter 20: Colonel John Paterson’s Regiment Chapter 21: General Artemas Ward’s and Colonel Jonathan Ward’s Regiments Chapter 22: Co...

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A prequel featuring individual short story vignettes of Greggory, Robert, Marissa, and Daniel before their lives converge in Journey to Freedom. Greggory is a half-breed; a mix of Indian and black blood, and struggles both emotionally and physically with hatred and prejudice. Robert is a slave on a Florida plantation who takes in the starving, angry young Greggory, under his wing and helps him grow into a man of honor. Marrissa is a young girl who watches her mother waste away working as a maid in the saloon. Dodging the advances of the owner and his threats to put her in service, Marrissa dreams of having a better life and strikes out on her own after her mother's death. Daniel is an introvert who finds safe haven away from civilization and his past. His business of trapping is successful and he finds contentment in the simple life he leads until he has two visitors. There are no spoilers in this book so it can be read before or after Journey to Freedom....

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In this volume, a wide array of scholars turn a critical eye toward NASA’s first 50 years.

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Over the years many researchers have analyzed the political aspects of the air war in Southeast Asia. Their studies range from the original Pentagon Papers to those published more recently. Very little, however, focuses on the economic and operational aspects of the war. The purpose of this book is to fill that void by presenting a set of case studies that subject selected air campaigns during the Southeast Asia era to rigid economic analysis....

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In this excellent essay Lt Col David G. Curdy examines the prospects for democratic transitions in the Middle East. He notes that with the conclusion of the cold war, the basis for US Middle East policy, which had centered around oil, Israel, and the Soviet Union, should be reexamined and, perhaps, redesigned....

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Col William Palmby’s award-winning study, Outsourcing the Air Force Mission: A Strategy for Success, explores how the Air Force must adjust to this new reality of a world where the state no longer possesses a monopoly on war. He reviews the history and driving forces that have led to increased outsourcing by the Air Force, finding that while it may be the most dominant such force in history, the range of roles turned over to the private market means that private companies and their employees now have a significant influence on the very success or failure of its critical operations....

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1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 2 BACKGROUND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 3 WHERE WE ARE TODAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 4 A STRATEGY FOR SUCCESS . . . . . . . . . . .47 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59...

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Thrilling narratives of voyages, discoveries, adventures, battles, darings and sufferings of the heroic characters, bold explorers and dauntless spirits who have made ocean history and established christian supremacy over the most savage lands of the earth. Reciting astonishing incidents and perilous undertakings among wild beasts and savage people in heroic efforts for a reclamation of all lands to civilization, and recording a description of the riot of murder, pillage and inhumanity which characterized the pirates, marooners and buccaneers who ravaged the spanish main and for centuries bid defiance to the armed fleets of all nations....

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The Rolling Stone of History. -- Surprising revelations -- Ancient Cities that are now no more -- Effects of Cataclysms upon the human race -- The rise and fall of nations -- Cave dwellers who became masters of the world -- The first boats -- Building a strong nation -- The earliest navigators -- Evolution of the ship -- Discoveries of the ancients -- Islands of the long ago -- Changes in the earth's surface -- Commerce of Troy with India -- Expeditions sent out by Menelaus and Neco -- The circumnavigation of Africa by the ancients -- Solomon's navy -- Discovery of the West Indies by Carthaginians -- Hamilcar's voyage to the North seas -- Wonderful lands and fountains -- Astounding adventures of Hanuo -- Weird sights on the shores of ancient Africa -- Witches and Snake charmers -- Among the mermaids -- Voyage of Pytheas, the philosopher -- Tears of sorrowing sea-birds -- Discovery of a new world -- A wondrously profitable commerce -- A northwest passage -- The Romans pass to China by a north route -- Destruction of the Roman empire....

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The history of a small town in central Virginia (1700s to 1900s) with bibliography and photographs

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My grandmother used to tell me stories of the very small community I grew up in. My memory isn't as good as it shouold be so I wrote it all down. When I wanted to find our more about my home town, there was nothing written. so I set out to see if what she told me was true. The 50 year investigation (part time of course) and interviews with residents was intriguing. My family loves to tell stories. The stories I heard growing up brought to life several generations of residents of the community of Rapidan going all the way back to my great grandfather’s time. There were tales of the Civil War, the railroad, milling, flooding of the Rapidan River at twenty year intervals, and other Rapidan themes. In organizing this diversity of information, I have primarily attempted to give a history of the “community” of Rapidan, Virginia over time. I’ve also included information about another community by the same name, Rapidan, in Minnesota and stories told me by the crew of the USS Rapidan, a Navy oiler that served in World War II. Bear with me as I attempt to describe a kaleidoscope of folklore and stories presented as a narrative ove...

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Chapter I. The Native Americans. The Native American communities near Rapidan were made of "long houses", woven stick huts covered with grass mats or tree bark. Native American women raised corn, squash and pumpkins and gathered several hundred varieties of nuts, berries and roots. The men hunted deer, wild turkeys, birds and woodland buffalo and got fish using trap lines and plant poisons. Local folklore says that the nearby community of Buena had a population of Native Americans who may have come from Wolftown. [Emma (Beeler) Strother by Pat Hurst 11,60] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 5. Chapter II. The Settlers. In 1772 at the area known as Alexander Waugh's Ford, wagons camped along the river carrying goods between the Shenandoah valley and Fredericksburg. A miller, and land grantee, "Gentleman Billy" Willis, petitioned the English King, George III, to grant a tract of land on which to build a grist mill to grind feed for oxen and horses and to grind flour for the settlers. [The Orange Review centennial Edition, 1936 88] . . page 8. Chapter III. The Civ...

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Formative Years in Total War . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 2 Marketing A Vision (1945–53) . . . . . . . . .27 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 3 Curtis E. LeMay and the Rise of the Strategic Air Command (1948–57) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 4 The Apogee of Strategic Air Command and the Missile Challenge (1961–62) . . . . 103 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 5 Flexible Response and the Ossification of the Senior Absolutists (1963–65) . . . . . 133 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 6 Absolutists and the Frustration of Airpower in Vietnam (1964–69) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 7 The Vindication of Airpower and the Rise of the Fighter Community (1965–72) . . . . 185 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 8 Changing of the Guard: The Rise of the Fighter Generals (1973–82) . . . . . . 211 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 9 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...

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In 1961 the first edition of the English translation of Samuel Kamakau's Ruling Chiefs of Hawaii was published by Kamehameha Schools Press. Many contributed to make its publication possible. A group of Hawaiian scholars was first selected by the trustees of Bishop Museum to translate Kamakau's florid literary style into readable English. The group included Mary Kawena Pukui, Thomas G. Thrum, Lahilahi Webb, Emma Davidson Taylor, and John Wise. Mary Kawena Pukui then reviewed the entire translation, together with Martha Warren Beckwith, who added the footnotes. Dorothy Barrere and Caroline Curtis proofread the manuscript. The resulting book was an immediate success, and soon became a classic of Hawaiian history. Now, thirty years later, the book has long been out of print. Kamehameha Schools is happy to publish a new edition, with significant advantages over the former edition. While the original text has remained unchanged, the new edition combines the very limited original index with the extensive index and appendices prepared by Elspeth P. Sterling and originally published as a separate booklet by Bishop Museum Press. New photogra...

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Many famous chiefs, mentioned in Hawaiian history, were descended from Hana-laa-nui. The ruling chiefs (noho alii) of Hawaii were of that particular lineage (mookuauhau), and with additions from those of the other islands, the genealogy of Hawaii's chiefs and their ancestors was made complete. Umi-a-Liloa [that is, Umi-son-of-Liloa] was a famous chief, and the reason for his fame was that it was he who united all of the districts of Hawaii through wars. The kingdom became his because of his humbleness and because of the prowess of his adopted (hookama) sons and his care of the god Ku-kaili-moku. Umi was of lowly birth (lepo popolo) [on his maternal side], but he rose until the kingdom was his through his victories in battle. Liloa was a ruling chief, a sacred high chief (alii nui kapu). His father, Kiha-nui-lulu-moku, and ancestors were also ruling chiefs. His mother, Wai-o-lea, belonged to an Oahu family of chiefs and so did his grandmother, Neula, and great-grandmother, Laa-kapu. That chiefly family belonged to Ewa. Liloa's wife was named Pinea. She was from Ewa and Koolaupoko [Oahu], and was his mother's younger sister. They ha...

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The Story of Umi. 1 -- The Story of Kiha-a-Pii-lani. 22 -- The Story of Keawe-nui-a-Umi. 34 -- The Story of Lono-i-ka-makahiki. 47 -- Keawe's Reign. 64 -- Hawaii Under Alapai-nui. 66 -- Hawaii Under Ka-lani-opuu. 78 -- Captain Cook's Visit to Hawaii. 92 -- Events of Ka-lani-opuu's Time. 105 -- Kamehameha Wins Half Hawaii. 117 -- Ka-hahana Loses Oahu. 128 -- Kamehameha Wins All Hawaii. 142 -- Last Days of Ka-hekili. 159 -- Kamehameha's Conquest of Maui and Oahu. 168 -- Reminiscences of Kamehameha. 175 -- The Peaceful Transfer of Kauai to Kamehameha. 187 -- Death of Kamehameha. 200 -- Abolition of the Tabus Under Liholiho. 219 -- Hawaii Before Foreign Innovations. 229 -- Rule and Death of Liholiho. 246 -- The Childhood of Kau-i-ke-aouli, Kamehameha III. 259 -- The Career of Boki. 270 -- Kuini Liliha, 1830 to 1831. 297 -- Hawaii Under Ka-ahu-manu. 306 -- Roman Catholicism in Hawaii. 324 -- Premiership of Kinau. 334 -- Troubles Under the Premiership of. -- Miriam Ke-ka-ulu-ohi, 1839–1843. 350 -- A Constitutional Monarchy, 1839–1845. 366 -- Passing of the Chiefs. 379 -- Legislative Problems, 1845–1852. 396 -- Death of Kamehameha III. 4...

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Beginning with the traditional history of the great chief ‘Umi and ending with the death of Kamehameha III in 1854, this volume covers the rediscovery of the Hawaiian Islands by Captain James Cook, the consolidation of the Hawaiian Kingdom by Kamehameha I, the coming of the missionaries and the changes affecting the kingdom during the first half of the nineteenth century. Originally, this history was written by Kamakau in Hawaiian as a series of newspaper articles in the 1860s and 1870s. The English translation is primarily by Mary Kawena Pukui. It offers more than a record of past events. It presents a scholarly interpretation of those events by a Hawaiian historian writing for Hawaiians about their culture and disappearing customs. He lived at a time when access to first-hand information about the ancient culture was still available yet needed explanation because his Hawaiian audience was growing increasingly removed from its own cultural past. He wrote with a remarkable memory, a strong intellectual curiosity and a skill for turning a phrase. Samuel Manaiakalani Kamakau was born in 1815 on the island of O‘ahu and died in Honolu...

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The first article, dated December 16, 1920, was entitled “A Tale of Kekuhaupi‘o, the Famous Warrior of the Era of Kamehameha the Great (Written for the readers of Ka Hoku o Hawaii). ” The serial initially focuses on the story of Kekuhaupi‘o, an exceptionally strong and skillful Hawaiian warrior from Ke‘ei, South Kona. As with most noted warriors, he was a master in the ways of battle strategy and in understanding human nature in his enemies and allies alike. Kekuhaupi‘o advocated the importance of continued training to be always prepared for battle. He believed in heeding the omens of the gods of ancient Hawai‘i—spirits from whom victory or defeat was thought to spring. Kekuhaupi‘o was well versed in the many disciplines of Hawaiian warfare, particularly that of lua (a bone-breaking form of wrestling), and a master in the use of weaponry....

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The Young Kekuhaupi‘o. 1 -- A New Teacher. 3 -- The Ailolo Ceremony. 6 -- Luring the Niuhi Shark. 9 -- The Niuhi Shark: Methods of Capture. 11 -- Battling the Niuhi Shark. 13 -- Ailolo Offering and a Lua Contest. 15 -- Ikoi, the Tripping Club, and Delegate Kuhio. 18 -- Demonstrating Ikoi. 20 -- The Ikoi Contest and Return Home. 23 -- Birth of Kamehameha I. 25 -- Kekuhaupi‘o Becomes an Instructor. 28 -- Battle of Kalaeokailio, Kaupo. 30 -- Kalani‘opu‘u Again Takes War to Maui. 33 -- Kalani‘opu‘u Disregards his Kahuna. 35 -- Kekuhaupi‘o’s Adventure with Kamehameha on Maui. 38 -- Disaster at Kakanilua, Maui. 41 -- Slaughter on Maui. 44 -- Kiwala‘o Sent to Sue for Peace. 47 -- On Board Captain Cook’s Ship and the Thundering Cannon. 51 -- First Encounters with Europeans. 55 -- Kamehameha Sails with Cook. 59 -- Training for Battle in Kohala. 62 -- Kekuhaupi‘o Rebukes Kamehameha and Prepares for War. 65 -- Fighting at Hakalau. 68 -- Kekuhaupi‘o Kills Kaihe and Kamehameha Recalled to Kohala. 71 -- The Naha Stone. 75 -- Kamehameha Moves the Naha Stone. 79 -- Kalani‘opu‘u’s Bequests. 82 -- ‘Imakakoloa Sacrificed. 85 -- Kuka‘ilimoku Given to K...

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Air Force colonel Chad Manske traces the roots of the NSC to its organizational prototype—the British Committee of Imperial Defence. By comparing these institutions, their functions, purposes, leadership, and assessing how each changed over time, we gain an appreciation of the strengths and weaknesses of these different approaches to policy development. Colonel Manske successfully draws on comparative historical experience to make sound recommendations for strengthening and enhancing the effectiveness of the National Security Council as a deliberative policy coordinating body within the Executive Office of the President....

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1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 2 The British Committee of Imperial Defence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 3 The US National Security Council . . . . . 35 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 4 The Committee of Imperial Defence and the National Security Council: Comparison and Contrast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77 5 Analysis, Conclusions, Recommendations, and Implications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90...

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Interagency Fratricide: Policy Failures in the Persian Gulf and Bosnia provides a comprehensive analysis of the factors that affected both interagency processes and policy outcomes during the Persian Gulf War (1990–91) and the early stages of the Bosnia crisis (1993–95). Going one-on-one with members of Washington’s policy elite who were involved directly in these two cases, the author demonstrates that the US government’s approach to termination policy proved fragmented and personality driven. She systematically presents evidence to support the study’s conclusion, revealing that the nature of the gap between diplomats and war fighters will consistently produce policies that bring about cease-fire in the form of war termination, but fail to address the underlying causes and conditions that generated conflict (and, potentially, war). These issues must be resolved if the US government hopes to improve the social and political conditions of those embroiled in conflict while at the same time bolstering a security posture favorable to US interests in the aftermath of intervention. The three sections of this work thematically present...

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PART I Framing the Problem 1 CONFLICT TERMINATION WITHIN A BUREAUCRATIC ENVIRONMENT . . . . . . . . . 3 Interagency Decision Making via Negotiation. . . . . . . . . . 5 The Efficacy of the Policy-Making Process . . 14 Outline of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 Implications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Notes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 2 RATIONAL CHOICE THEORY: INDIVIDUAL AND GROUP CHOICE . . . . . . . 27 Decision-Making Approaches: Units of Analysis as Delimiters . . . . . . . . . 28 Rational Choice Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 Groups as “Less than Rational” Actors . . . . .41 Rationale for Alternative Approaches . . . . . .48 Notes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 3 CONFLICT TERMINATION MODELS . . . . . . 61 Points or Processes? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62 Rational Actor Approaches . . . . . . . . . . . . .66 Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Notes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 4 THE NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL SYSTEM. . . . . . . . . . 85 Allison’s Bureaucratic Politics Approach . . . . 85 US Government Decision Making . . . . . . . . 92 ...