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This Book has been accomplished to Unite Humanity on the basis of Commonality in Belief and Reality that there is only One True God - ALLAH , the Message of Whom was conveyed by Moses in Old Testament, Jesus in New Testament and Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon them) in Quran. The history provides us the evidence that the Messengers of ALLAH have been sent to every Nation. Although, their languages were different in which Messages were conveyed but the Name of One True God - ALLAH, found to be the same and intact, inspite of various linguistic mutations. In our Blessed Research we found, “99 Beautiful Names of ALLAH” Co-existing in Quran, Hadith and Bible. We earnestly, hope that our readers would be all over the globe who would love to gain this Blessed Insight and Embrace the Truth....

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The Legislature of the Territory of Hawaii in the session of 1923 passed Act 243, entitled “an act to provide for the preparation and publication of a school text book in the Hawaiian language. ” In pursuance of this act, Governor Lawrence M. Judd arranged with the Hawaiian Board of Missions for the publication of the manuscript which had been prepared by Mrs. Mary H. Atcherley. Other docuíments had been submitted, but it was felt that Mrs. Atcherley’s contribution was better fitted for the purpose than similar studies. It is intended that this First Book in Hawaiian shall be used in the junior high schools and high schools throughout the Territory, but it is hoped that other schools will make use of this material in acquiring a knowledge of the Hawaiian language. Grateful acknowledgment is hereby made not only of the material submitted by Mrs. Atcherley but also suggestions from a similar work by Messrs. John Wise and F. E. Midkiff, of the Kamehameha Schools, and the work of the late Professor W. D. Alexander entitled, “A Short Synopsis of the Most Essential Points in Hawaiian Grammar. ”...

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Language is used to express ideas. A Sentence is the full expression of a single idea. A Language is learned by memorizing a number of Sentences and acquiring a vocabulary of some hundreds of words. Now, since a Sentence is composed of words, and words are “parts off speech,” and their proper arrangement constitutes a Sentence, Grammar must be included in any complete System of Instruction. Consequently, the plan here adopted is the simultaneous teaching of Words, Sentences, and Grammar. The Grammar also serves as an adequate guide to the kind of Sentence most suitable to each lesson. Seeing that the mere relative position of words in a sentence may alter its meaning without any change in the words themselves, Grammar becomes a very necessary part of the System. Vocabulary No one can hope to learn language without acquiring a proper vocabulary of words. The fewer inflections in a language, the smaller the vocabulary necessary. After the first lesson, the selection of words for the Vocabularies and Sentences has been confined to those Nouns, Verbs, and Adjectives in common, everyday use. As to the Prepositions, Pronouns, Ad...

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Lesson 1 - The Alphabet. Pronunciation. Gutteral Break: it alters the meaning. Examples of Vowels forming words -- 7-19 -- Lesson 1 - The Article. Definite and Indefinite. Examples. Syntax -- 20-21 -- Lesson 3 - The Adjective. Classification. Comparison. Adjective as a Noun, and the Noun as an Adjective. Participles -- 22-23 -- Lesson 4 -The Noun, Gender, Number, Case. Declension. Syntax -- 23-26 -- Lesson 5 - The Personal Pronoun. Table of. Declension -- 27-31 -- Lesson 6 - Demonstrative, Interrogative, and Indefinite Pronouns, and Adjective Pronouns -- 31-32 -- Lesson 7 - Words and Sentences referring to Lesson 6 -- 33-34 -- Lesson 8 - Prepositions. List of common forms. Nouns taking “a” before them. Use of “ko”, “ka”. Use of “no”, “na” -- 34-36 -- Lesson 9 - Prepositions continued. Uses of “i”, “ia”, “io”. Uses of “ma”, “mat”, “me”, and “e” -- 37-39 -- Lesson 10 - Compound Preposition-Adverbs. List of. Meaning of -- 39-40 -- Lesson 11 - The Verb. Classification. Verbal Directives. Mood and Tense. Verbal Adjuncts. Conjugation -- 41-46 -- Lesson 12 - Use of Tense Signs. The particles “ana” and “no”. Mor...

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"IELTS Speaking Topics" provides both educators and students with a collection of photocopiable speaking two topics. Each question is designed to be used to supplement current materials related to the IELTS academic and general modules of the test. Educators can provide their students with up-to date, and authentic examples of speaking two questions, whilst their students could use each example for stimulated practice outside their classroom. All the questions are indexed under a topic heading, photocopiable and covers a wide range of subjects needed to master this most challenging part of the IELTS speaking test. "IELTS Speaking Topics," is suitable for both instructors and students as an ideal supplementary resource, with a free bonus ebook containing each question. Published by the Asian European University Press, and is available internationally....

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This book presents the advancements and applications of neutrosophics. Chapter 1 rst introduces the interval neutrosophic sets which is an instance of neutrosophic sets. In this chapter, the denition of interval neutrosophic sets and set-theoretic operators are given and various properties of interval neutrosophic set are proved. Chapter 2 denes the interval neutrosophic logic based on interval neutrosophic sets including the syntax and semantics of rst order interval neutrosophic propositional logic and rst order interval neutrosophic predicate logic. The interval neutrosophic logic can reason and model fuzzy, incomplete and inconsistent information. In this chapter, we also design an interval neutrosophic inference system based on rst order interval neutrosophic predicate logic. The interval neutrosophic inference system can be applied to decision making. Chapter 3 gives one application of interval neutrosophic sets and logic in the eld of relational databases. Neutrosophic data model is the generalization of fuzzy data model and paraconsistent data model. Here, we generalize various set-theoretic and relation-theoretic operations...

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Na Kamalei—He Papahana Ho‘ona‘auao Kamali‘i ia no loko mai o kekahi hui ku i ka ‘auhau ‘ole no ka ‘oiwi Hawai‘i. Aia kekahi i loko o keia ‘ahahui he polokal- amu ho‘ona‘auao makua/kamali‘i no ka lawelawe ‘ana i na ‘ohana o Ko‘olauloa ma ka mokupuni o O‘ahu. Me ke kokua kala ‘ana o ka Administration for Na- tive Americans no ka pahana Na Kama o Ko‘olauLoa, ha‘awi keia ‘ahahui i na ‘ohana i mau lawelawe ‘ohana a me na ha‘awina ho‘ona‘auao ho‘i no ka ulu maika‘i ‘ana o ke keiki kupono ma kona mo‘omeheu a me ka pilina kanaka. ‘O ka haku ‘ana i na mo‘olelo no na ‘ohana i loa‘a na po‘e kamali‘i kekahi hana a makou. Ho‘olako ‘ia no ko makou mau ‘ohana me na mo‘olelo leo ma ko makou kaiaulu. No ia kumu, ho‘opuka ‘ia a‘ela na mo‘olelo kuhohonu no ko makou ‘ano he kanaka maoli—‘o wai kakou a mai hea mai kakou. I keia manawa, paipai aku na po‘e kupuna i ke kuka kama‘ilio ‘ana i na mo‘olelo no ka maika‘i o ka hanauna e hiki mai ana. A‘o pu ‘ia akula na mo‘olelo, ka ho‘ike honua, ka ‘olelo, na loina, a me ka mo‘omeheu i loko o keia mau puke no na po‘e kamali‘i pae makahiki 2-4. Nana nui ‘ia keia pu‘ulu puke ‘ewalu o Na ...

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Vowel pronunciation: Ka Papa Puana The (5) Hawaiian vowels are pronounced similar to the following English words. A sounds like U in UMBRELLA E sounds like E in RED I sounds like E in HE O sounds like O in GO U sounds like OO in MOON...

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Mahalo ka mea kakau i keia poe no ka nui o ke kakoo, hoomanawanui a paipai ana mai o ke komike loiloi, o ia hoi, o ke Kauka Kalena Silva (luna komike), ke Kauka William H. “Pila” Wilson, ke Kauka Charles “Kale” Langlas, a me ke Kauka Amy Kuuleialoha Stillman. Mahalo ia Larry Lindsey Kimura i kona ae ana mai e hoolohe a hoohana i kana ninauele ana ia John Kameaaloha Almeida ma na lola hoolohe o ka polokalamu lekio o Ka Leo Hawaii . Mahalo ia T. Haunani Bernardino i kona ae ana i na lola hoolohe i kuai pu ia aku me ka puke o Johnny’s Na Mele Aloha. Mai loko mai o ia puke mai ka hapanui o na himeni i palapala a kalailai ia ma keia pepa. Mahalo ia Harry Soria i ka ike ana i hoike mai ai no ko John Kameaaloha Almeida wa opiopio a no kona makua kane kolea o Paolo Kameaaloha. Mahalo ia Albert Schütz i kana wehewehe ana i kona mau manao no ke kalele kamailio....

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Aia ma keia pepa puka laeoo he kalailaina hoohalikelike i ke kalele kamailio o ka olelo Hawaii a me ke kalele himeni ma himeni i haku a himeni ia e John na Kameaaloha Almeida. Ua kalailai pu ia ka Almeida hookomo ana i na hualeo a huihuina hualeo komo wale ma ka himeni ana i lohe ole ia ma ke kamailio ana....

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Na Hoomaikai. ii -- Na Manao Houluulu. iii -- Ka Papa Kii. iv -- Ka Papa Pakuhi. iv -- Mokuna 1: Ka Hoolauna. 1 -- Ka Hakulau Noii. 2 -- Ka Mea Kakau. 4 -- Na Mokuna. 5 -- Mokuna 2: He Piliolana O John Kameaaloha Almeida. 6 -- Mokuna 3: Na Palapala Himeni. 12 -- Ka Hapana Himeni. 12 -- Ka Okuene. 14 -- Na Kookoo A Me Ka Hoonohonoho Ia Ana O Na Himeni. 15 -- Ka Onaehana Palapala Himeni. 15 -- 1. “Ka Ou O Ka Nahele”. 17 -- 2. “Kuu Ipo Pua Rose”. 25 -- 3. “Kuu Liko Pua I Ke Kakahiaka”. 30 -- 4. “Kuu Onaona”. 35 -- 5. “Lei Hinahina”. 40 -- 6. “Lei Loke O Kapunahou”. 47 -- 7. “Lei Pua Melia”. 55 -- 8. “Na Pua Like Ole O Ka Aina”. 61 -- 9. “Panini Puakea”. 66 -- 10. “Kuu Lei Pua Nani”. 70 -- 11. “Mahalo Haleakala”. 73 -- 12. “A O Ia”. 76 -- Mokuna 4: Na Kapana, Na Huihuina Woela, A Me Ke Kalele Kamailio. 80 -- Ke Kapana. 80 -- Na Huihuina Woela. 81 -- Ke Kalele Huaolelo. 84 -- Na Mahele Huaolelo I Loaa Ke Kalele. 85 -- Ke Kalele Poke Pilinaolelo. 89 -- Mokuna 5: Ke Kalailai Ia Ana O Na Himeni. 90 -- Ka Hookaawale Ana I Na Poke Pilinaolelo. 90 -- Ka Mora. 92 -- Na Pana Ikaika O Ka Mahele. 93 -- Ke Kau Ana o Na Mora Helu Kaulike. 96 -- Na H...

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Aha Punana LeoHe ahahui auhau ole ka Aha Punana Leo i ho okumu ia i ka makahiki 1983 no ka ho ola ana i ka olelo Hawai i a me ka ho okumu ana i na kula e a o ia i loko wale no o ia olelo. I ia makahiki aku, ua ku ke kula Punana Leo mua loa, ke kula ho olu u olelo oiwi mua loa ho i o Amelika Hui Pu la. Ma hope o ka ho ololi ia ana e ka ohana Punana Leo o kekahi kanawai o ka makahiki 1896 e papa ana i na kula olelo Hawai i, ua lawe ia ke ki ina ho ona auao o ka Punana Leo, a me na keiki puka mua pu o ka papahana, i loko o na kula aupuni. Me ke kako o nui ia e ka Aha Punana Leo, ua hiki akula ia papahana aupuni moku aina a hiki i ka papa umikumalua. I keia wa he umikumakahi kula kamali i Punana Leo e hanai haumana nei a e ho onui nei i ka heluna o na kula olelo Hawai i aupuni. Ua ho okumu Pu ia e ka Aha Punana Leo kekahi mau kula ho okolohua no ka ho ona auao i loko o ka olelo Hawai i ana e malama nei me ka Oihana Ho ona auao a me Ka Ha...

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Enhavo Enkonduko 1 Baal kaj Anat 7 La batalo kontrau la Maro 7 La batalo de Anat. 10 La konstruado de domo 17 La morto kaj revivigo de Baal 26 (Ekstraj tekstoj) 33 (Kelkaj aludoj en la Biblio) 35 Krt 39 Krt akiras edzinon 39 La malsanigo de Krt 46 La resanigo de Krt 50 Aqht 55...

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Perhaps the Sandwich Island’s Mission owes an apology to the literary world for having reduced to writing a language of such variety and extent as the Hawaiian, and published so many books on it, without having given any account either of the genius, structure or peculiarities of the language. Many reasons, however, exist why so little has been done in this respect. The want of leisure in any member of the Mission for setting down to labors purely literary, is one reason. The want of proper materials heretofore, for authority, is another. But the reason that has had the greatest influence is, the (act that those who came first on the ground and acquired the language by the ear and by mixing with the natives, soon became independent of helps and needed neither a vocabulary or a grammar of the language: and those who came later, and most needed such helps, felt that they were not well qualified for the task of making them. But however the majority of the Mission may feel with regard to an apology in their behalf, the compiler of the following Vocabulary feels that an explanation is due from him respecting the manner in which the work...

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Eleven linguistic categories are presented (Murphy’s laws, the clichés, homonyms, tautologies, proverbs, metagrams, translations, definitions, figures of paradoxism, monorhymes, and abbreviations), which afterwards are respectively turned into their corresponding Florentin’s Laws, clichés, homonyms, etc. and exemplified....

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Let’s Make Experiments in Linguistics (General preface) - 6 1. FLORENTIN’S LAWS If anything can go wrong, pass it on to someone else! - 8 1.1. ADVENTURES and VARIATIONs IN MURPHY’s LAW (Preface) - 9 1.2. What and Why Florentin’s law - 11 1.3. Florentin’s Laws / !An Author to the Cube! - 13 1.3.1. Florentin’s Laws: To hell with Murphy, deviate! - 14 1.3.2. Florentin’s Laws: Relax Peter’s! - 16 1.3.3. Florentin’s Interdisciplinary Laws - 18 1.3.4. More Variations in Florentin’s Law - 20 2. FLORENTIN’S CLICHÉS The dictator lifts the state of emergency with a crane - 22 2.1. Changing the Figurative Language to a Literal Language (Preface) - 23 2.2. Florentin’s Clichés - 28 3. FLORENTIN’S HOMONYMS Send me an e-male - 36 3.1. Preface: Send me an e-male = Florentin’s Homonyms = - 37 3.2. Florentin’s Homonyms - 39 3.2.1. First face of the story (Homophones) - 40 3.2.2. Second face of the story (Homophones) - 42 3.2.3. Multiple faces of the story (Homophones) - 44 3.2.4. Others (Homographs) – 45 4. FLORENTIN’S TAUTOLOGIES - 46 4.1. About Florentin’s Tautologies - 47 5. FLORENTIN’S PROVERBS - 48 5.1. Introduction: Dev...

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The project goal is to provide families with services and opportunities that foster culturally appropriate and healthy development of a balanced child. The oral legacy within our community strengthens our families and produces stories that bring meaning to our lives and that help identify who we are and where we are from. Our resource partners are Ko‘olauloa community organizations that support the advancement of Native Hawaiian children and their families through the creation of children’s books....

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In 1836 "A Vocabulary of Words in the Hawaiian Language" was published by Lorrin Andrews. The evident usefulness of this list of about 6000 words led its author to prepare "A Dictionary of the Hawaiian Language" which was issued in 1865.Andrews' dictionary had long been out of print and increasing interest in Polynesian linguistic studies, the need of an authoritative reference book for the spelling, pronunciation, and definition of Hawaiian words, led to arrangements for the preparation of a new Hawaiian dictionary under the direction of the Board of Commissioners of Public Archives. A legislative act of 1913 made provision for "compiling, printing, binding, and publishing in book form a dictionary of the Hawaiian language" in which was to be given "the correct pronunciation of the ancient and modern Hawaiian words and phrases and their respective equivalents or meanings in the English language." As a necessary step in the preparation of a dictionary the Board of Archives transcribed all the words appearing in Andrews' Dictionary. These totaled about 15,000 typewritten cards. Following this preliminary work consideration was give...

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This volume is a result of two decades' efforts in teaching Hawaiian. The objects of the book are to present the principal conversational and grammatical patterns and the most common idioms, and to prepare the student for a final reward: the capacity to read and enjoy the rich heritage of Hawaiian traditional legends and poetry. Over the years, the reasons cited for studying Hawaiian have been diverse. Some students are merely curious or hopeful for easy credit; some have an emotional dedication to Hawaii's past. Some have practical aims. They want to teach the language or culture of Hawaii. Some want to become translators of the vast storehouse of as-yet-untranslated materials. Some wish to prepare literary materials for primary or secondary education levels, or to write novels. Some want to do anthropological fieldwork or any other work that will take them to the South Seas where mastery of closely related languages is so essential. Students majoring in linguistics want to probe deeper into the structure of the Hawaiian language. Some students wish to speak Hawaiian to grandparents and other native speakers still found on Niihau ...

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The Hawaiian phonemes are listed below. English examples are approximate. The Hawaiian vowels are "pure," i.e., without glides. They are of either short or long duration. The consonants p and k have less aspiration (i.e., they are "harder") than similar English sounds in initial position. (Pairs distinguished by single phonemes follow descriptions in parentheses.) Long a (a) is longer than the other long vowels....

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This book has five chapters. Chapter one is introductory in nature. Fuzzy linguistic spaces are introduced in chapter two. Fuzzy linguistic vector spaces are introduced in chapter three. Chapter four introduces fuzzy linguistic models. The final chapter suggests over 100 problems and some of them are at research level....

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Preface 5 Chapter One Introduction 7 Chapter Two Fuzzy Linguistic Spaces 9 Chapter Three Fuzzy Linguistic Set Vector Spaces 23 Chapter Four Fuzzy Linguistic Models 129 4.1 Operations on Fuzzy Linguistics Matrices 129 4.2 Fuzzy Linguistic Cognitive Models 139 4.3 Fuzzy Linguistic Relational Map Model 148 Chapter Five Suggested Problems 165 Further Reading 187 Index 189 About the Authors 192...

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As all former grammars of the Hawaiian language are out of print, at the solicitation of friends, I have revised and enlarged a brief synopsis of Hawaiian grammar, which was originally written for my pupils, and published in 1864. This little work does not pretend to be a philosophical treatise, or to be a complete account of the struct ure and peculiarities of the Hawaiian branch of the Polynesian language. But it is hoped that it may be of service to those who wish to study the genuine, uncorrupted idiom as spoken by the older Hawaiians, as well as to students of comparative philology. The terms and divisions of European grammars have been retained for the convenience of students, although they are only partially applicable to languages of a radically different type. I have to acknowledge my obligations to Rev. L. Andrews’ Hawaiian Grammar, to Dr. Maunsell’s New Zealand Grammar, and to M. Gaussin’s able work on the Polynesian language....

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§ 1. All purely Hawaiian sound can be represented by twelve letters, of which five are voxels and seven, consonants, viz: a, e, i, o, u, h, k, l, m, n, p, w. A la sounded as in father, e as in they, i as in marine, o as in note, u as in rule, and not as in male. In a few words, as maka, make, mana, &c., the sound of a approaches that of a short u in tub. In the compounds of waho and in Oaku, it has a broad sound like that of a in fall....

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"This publication is significant because it extends the lexicon but more importantly, it provides the contemporary speaker with an essential tool with which to describe her/his world through the medium of Hawaiian. All languages survive because they adapt and borrow and because they continue to be spoken by a greater number of people." —Timoti Karetu, Chairman, Te Kohanga Reo National Trust Mamaka Kaiao adds to the 1998 edition more than 1,000 new and contemporary words that are essential to the continuation and growth of ka olelo Hawaii—the Hawaiian language. The title, which in English means "carrying forward into the dawning of a new era," emphasizes the role of this work in providing today's speakers and students of Hawaiian with a modern vocabulary. This dictionary opens with a detailed description of how words are created by the Hawaiian Lexicon committee with Pukui and Elbert's Hawaiian Dictionary serving as the primary written source and native speakers of Hawaiians as the primary spoken resource. The first main section contains more than 6,000 Hawaiian entries (alphabetized according to the Hawaiian alphabet) followed by...

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He loli mau na olelo ola a pau o ka honua nei, a pela pu ka olelo Hawaii. No laila, i mea e kokua ai i ka poe olelo Hawaii a pau o keia au, ke pai hou ia nei o Mamaka Kaiao ma ke ano he hoa like o ka puke wehewehe olelo Hawaii a Pukui ma. No na haumana olelo Hawaii, aole lawa hookahi wale no puke wehewehe olelo i keia manawa, no ka mea, he okoa ke ano o keia mau puke elua. He mea nui ka puke a Pukui ma no ka wehewehe ana e pili ana i na huaolelo kahiko a hiki mai i keia wa hou o kakou. Na Mamaka Kaiao hoi ka hana koikoi o ka hoolaha ana i ka lehulehu i na huaolelo hou e haku ia nei e ke Komike Huaolelo. Halawai na lala o ke Komike Huaolelo ma waena o eha a me eono manawa o ka makahiki no ke kukakuka ana e pili ana i na huaolelo e apono ai. O ka hapa nui o na huaolelo e hapai ia, o ia na huaolelo i nele i loko o ka puke wehewehe olelo Hawaii i ka wa i haku a unuhi ia ai paha kekahi haawina, moolelo, puke, a i ole kekahi ano palapala e ae ma ka olelo Hawaii....

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No ka hoike ana i ko kakou manao ma o ka palapala, aole ana paha e nele ke kE mai o kekahi kanaka me ke koikoi ana mai e malama ia kekahi kulekele kEmau ma ka pela ana i na huaolelo Hawaii me ka okina a me ke kahako. E olelo mai paha kela e o ia ka mea e akaka ai ka manao o ia mau huaolelo ke heluhelu aku. A he manao maikai no paha kela. Eia nae, e kEe mai paha auanei ka manao o kekahi kanaka e he mea kela e paa ai kela manao a ike ole ia ai hoi kona naauao ma ke ano laula a hohonu paha. A no laila, ma kahi o ka hookaawale ana i keia mau manao e like me ko kakou manao he pololei a he hewa, e huli hou aku kakou i ka olelo a ko kakou poe kEpuna i hooili maila ma luna o kakou, a no ka mea, o ia ana ko kakou ike a mahalo hoi i ka naauao o ua mau halau la a elua....

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From the moment I was born. kuualoha: Genealogically, we're all at least 2,000 years old. Kaimipono: How many ancestors does it take to make you Hawaiian One. But we forget. We think, You're Hawaiian because you do this and this. kuualoha: Or because you look a certain way. Kaimipono: What do we do to our people when we make those kinds of judgments We disin- herit them. And then we give it to people who don't have the blood at all....