Full Text Search Details
...n-commercial edition. © 2004-7 Copyright Lidija Rangelovska. All rights reserved. This book, or any part thereof, may not be used ... ...I. The Right to Life It is a fundamental principle of most moral theories that all human beings have a right to life. The existence of a right impl... ...tory behaviours and proscribes certain acts or omissions. This Janus-like nature of rights and duties as two sides of the same ethical coin - create... ...of the same ethical coin - creates great confusion. People often and easily confuse rights and their attendant duties or obligations with the morall... ...forcefully. II. Issues in the Calculus of Rights IIA. The Hierarchy of Rights All human cultures have hierarchies of rights. These hierarchies ref... ...e a calculus of hierarchically weighted rights. (See "Abortion and the Sanctity of Human Life" by Baruch A. Brody). One form of calculus is the uti... ...why is this inevitable? Surely this can easily by tackled by proper, prophylactic, legislation? All humans, regardless of their pre-natal history, ... ...ition laws should already incorporate the important elements of the EU (Community) legislation and even explicitly state so in the preamble to the ... ...its Law number 287 dated 10/10/90 "Competition and Fair Trading Act" after the EC legislation. The law explicitly says so. The first serious attem...

Description Details
...is is a spiritual book that tells the real Truth of God. And the true Path to God. A pragmatic Path we could walk easily, smoothly, within a normal human lifetime. For others of us, it is a book that reveals what the future holds. For each human and all humanity, for each soul and every society. The developments that would make us materially and morally satisfied...

Full Text Search Details
...h to God. A pragmatic Path we could walk easily, smoothly, within a normal human lifetime. For others of us, it is a book that reveals what the future... ...or others of us, it is a book that reveals what the future holds. For each human and all humanity, for each soul and every society. The developments t... ...visionary – to name only a few that tried to see what the future holds for humankind. Utopists, ideologists, scientists, schizophrenics attempted to t... ...to them). This balance proves very effective. The balance of interests and rights. The voting power is equal everywhere on Earth. So, counterbalance i... ...ctive value system, in all our future life: in politics, economics, trade, legislation, education, religion, etc. And so, the first steps to officiall... ...r transition period will be needed. Period 2: 3000-3500. It is named: the “Legislation Transition” period. Because, this is the transition from GC as ... ...ransition from GC as human’s attitude of mind to GC as humanity’s official legislation. In this period, GC gradually becomes the nucleus of the Global... ...ts. And thus, these fundamental needs and interests become our fundamental RIGHTS, as well: 1. To be limited 2. To be limitless 3. To be blissful. The... ...2. To be limitless 3. To be blissful. These are our fundamental individual rights. Well, we might say, but these individual rights still seem too abst...

Full Text Search Details
...0 Not swifter a swift thought of woe or weal Darts through the tumult of a human breast Which thronging cares annoy—not swifter wheel The flashes of i... ... leaped And the divine child saw delightedly.— Mercury first found out for human weal _140 Tinder-box, matches, fire-iro... ... various lot _725 T o the unnumbered tribes of human-kind. Let good to these, and ill to those be wrought As I dispense—bu... ...STER: MINISTER: MINISTER: MINISTER: MINISTER: Nowadays People assert their rights: they go too far; _280 But as for me, the go... ...n to worms beneath that burning sun, Where kings first leagued against the rights of men, _185 And priests first traded with the name of God. ‘Even... ...m of a simple diet promises no Utopian advantages. It is no mere reform of legislation, whilst the furious passions and 197 Shelley evil propensities... ...l flesh and fermented liquors directly militates with this equality of the rights of man. The peasant cannot gratify these fashionable cravings withou... ...of any other. It strikes at the root of the evil. T o remedy the abuses of legislation, before we annihilate the propensi- ties by which they are prod...

Full Text Search Details
...bined with popular control. This problem arises from the imper- fection of human nature, apparent in rulers as well as in ruled, and if the principle ... ...ome good purpose; for an apparent [Bekker 1252a] good is the spring of all human actions; it is evident that this is the principle upon which they are... ...re as much more excellent than others as the statues of the gods excel the human form, every one will allow that the inferior ought to be slaves to th... ...friends and companions, as well as those whom we are connected with by the rights of hospital- ity; and this cannot be done without the establishment ... ...n him; which if he could not do, there was a law which deprived him of the rights of a citizen, as has been already mentioned: but in Crete they were ... ...other. It is probably a matter of still more difficulty to determine their rights as citizens who are admitted to their freedom after any revolution i... ... were then obliged to do neither the one nor the other. The same spirit of legislation prevailed with respect to their bearing arms and their gymnasti...

Full Text Search Details
...rd such external practices as cannot be abrogated at once without injury to human consciences.” This is the fourth published translation of this tre... ...For while I denied the divine authority of the papacy, I still admitted its human authority. 5 But after hearing and reading the super-subtle subtle... ...ed in their Leipzig disputation in 1519. Jerome Emser (1477–1527) had been a humanist professor at Erfurt during Luther’s student days, and was later... ...philosopher of Mytilene, had taught Cicero’s son at Athens and received the rights of Roman citizenship through the orator’s efforts. In addition to ... ...t., VII, 200–203. 168 Cf. p. 12. he will foster nothing but evil through legislation, since he will not know what use to make of the laws nor how...

Excerpt Details
...f which his Politics is the other half. Both deal with one and the same subject. This subject is what Aristotle calls in one place the ?philosophy of human affairs;? but more frequently Political or Social Science. In the two works taken together we have their author?s whole theory of human conduct or practical activity, that is, of all human activity which is not directed...

Full Text Search Details
...ject. This subject is what Aristotle calls in one place the “philosophy of human affairs;” but more frequently Political or Social Science. In the two... ...ce. In the two works taken together we have their author’s whole theory of human conduct or practical activity, that is, of all human activity which i... ... with that of the State, nor once more that the one gives us the theory of human conduct, while the other discusses its ap- plication in practice, tho... ...ts great- est efficiency there is required the development of a science of legislation. The main drift of what he says here is that the most desirable... ...l, but what is proportionably equal, and in like manner when adjudging the rights of two other men. Injustice is all this with respect to the Unjust: ... ...ted upon a community that which I would call the Supreme is the faculty of Legislation; the subordinate, which is concerned with the details, generall... ... be to inquire from what sources, or how one may acquire this fac- ulty of Legislation; or shall we say, that, as in similar cases, Statesmen are the ... ...onately equal to the Sovereign, that is to say, is as fully secured in his rights as the Sovereign in hers. P . 118, l. 8. Or, according to Cardwell’s...

Full Text Search Details
...urse in peace and war with the world of mankind, his contem poraries of the human race, in all their stages of civili zation; and, last of all, the... ...the first signal of the North American Union. The struggle was for chartered rights—for English lib Orations of John Quincy Adams 4 erties—for the c... ...ed them. From the omnipo tence of Parliament the colonists appealed to the rights of man and the omnipotence of the God of battles. Union! Union! wa... ...ad remonstrated to Parliament; had addressed the people of Britain, for the rights of Englishmen—in vain. Fleets and armies, the blood of Lexington, ... ...fferent minds and of adverse passions; one, ascending for the foundation of human government to the laws of nature and of God, written upon the heart... ... God, written upon the heart of man; the other, resting upon the ba sis of human institutions, and prescriptive law, and co lonial charter. The cor... ...dams 19 weaknesses, which no institution can strengthen; to vices, which no legislation can correct. Hence, it be comes obvious that separate proper...

Full Text Search Details
...APTER XVI – OF THE FOUNDA- TIONS OF A ST A TE; OF THE NA TU- RAL AND CIVIL RIGHTS OF INDI- VIDUALS; AND OF THE RIGHTS OF THE SOVEREIGN POWER. Hitherto... ...ine the foundations of a State, first turning our attention to the natural rights of individuals, and afterwards to religion and the state as a whole.... ... individual has sovereign right to do all that he can; in other words, the rights of an individual extend to the utmost limits of his power as it has ... ...sire. This we need not wonder at, for nature is not bounded by the laws of human reason, which aims only at man’s true ben- efit and preservation; her... ...cause we want everything to be arranged accord- ing to the dictates of our human reason; in reality that which reason considers evil, is not evil in r... ...atified and established, we will now inquire. Now it is a universal law of human nature that no one ever neglects anything which he judges to be good,... ...ds. This they were generally unable to accomplish, so long as the right of legislation did not rest with them, but with the high priest, who kept the ... ...to the public peace; namely, by leaving in their hands the entire power of legislation as it affects action, and by doing nothing against their laws, ...

Full Text Search Details
...ARE FEW CIRCUMSTANCES among those which make up the present condition of human knowledge, more unlike what might have been expected, or more signifi... ...y might be expected to be the case with a practical art, such as morals or legislation. All action is for the sake of some end, and rules of action, i... ...ve always answered, that it is not they, but their accusers, who represent human nature in a degrading light; since the accusation supposes human bein... ...r an imputation; for if the sources of pleasure were precisely the same to human beings and to swine, the rule of life which is good enough for the on... ...ecessary to assure himself that in benefiting them he is not violating the rights—that is, the legitimate and authorized expectations—of any one else.... ... ing with them, from possessing an ultimate standard to which conflicting rights and duties can be referred. If utility is the ultimate source of mor... ...sense, namely, that it is just to respect, un just to violate, the legal rights of any one. But this judgment admits of several exceptions, arising...

Full Text Search Details
...des in the councils of nations, and whose providential aids can supply every human defect, that His benediction may consecrate to the liberties and ha... ...o await the future lessons of experience, a reverence for the characteristic rights of freemen and a regard for the public harmony will sufficiently i... ...esent leave; but not without resorting once more to the benign Parent of the Human Race in humble supplication that, since He has been pleased to favo... ... of superior intelli gences, but this is very certain, that to a benevolent human mind there can be no spectacle presented by any nation more pleasin... ...licacy toward the State governments; if an equal and impartial regard to the rights, interest, honor, and happiness of all the States in the Union, wi... ...es. To you, then, gentlemen, who are charged with the sovereign functions of legislation, and to those as sociated with you, I look with encouragemen... ...l to be right ful must be reasonable; that the minority possess their equal rights, which equal law must protect, and to vio late would be oppressio... ...diversity of opinion has prevailed with regard to the powers of Congress for legislation upon objects of this nature. The most re spectful deference ... ...igned forever to remain so. A natural fear that the broad scope of gen eral legislation might bear upon and unwisely control particular interests was...

Full Text Search Details
...e process of that con- tinual remanufacture of the Life Stuff by which the human race is perpetuated. The Life Force ei- ther will not or cannot achie... ...ms: indeed it is by no means ascertained that even the amoeba is immortal. Human beings visibly wear out, though they last longer than their friends t... ...elephants are believed to be capable of outliving the memory of the oldest human inhabitant. But the fact that new ones are born conclusively proves t... ...ow them to do what they like with it as far as it will let them. It has no rights and no liberties: in short, its condition is that which adults recog... ...from using their children ruthlessly to make money for the household. Such legislation has always been furiously resisted by the parents, even when th... ... horrors of factory slavery were at their worst; and the extension of such legislation at present would be impossible if it were not that the parents ... ...arents and children does not save children from the slavery that denial of rights involves in adult political relations. It some- times intensifies it... ...other simple. Not that Nature counts for nothing in the case and political rights for everything. But a denial of political rights, and the resultant ... ...urses of that system that it will bequeath to future generations a mass of legislation to prevent capitalists from “using up nine generations of men i...

Full Text Search Details
...e sex to the other—is wrong itself, and now one of the chief hindrances to human improvement; and that it ought to be replaced by a principle of perfe... ...restriction or prohibition either any limitation of the general freedom of human action or any disqualification or disparity of privilege affecting on... ...ineteenth cen tury against the eighteenth, to the unreasoning elements in human nature the infallibility which the eighteenth century is supposed to ... ...titu tion of public and organised means of asserting and protecting these rights, instead of the irregular and law less conflict of physical strengt... ...es it strange to ordinary ears, to hear it asserted that the inequality of rights between men and women has no other source than the law of the strong... ...ommonwealth, it was in the free states that slaves were first felt to have rights as hu man beings. The Stoics were, I believe, the first (except so ... ... mere fact of their birth, are the solitary examples of the kind in modern legislation. In no instance except this, which comprehends half the human r...

Full Text Search Details
...as it can make a man with its black arts—a mere shadow and reminiscence of humanity, a man laid out alive and standing, and already, as one may say, b... ...here, who are more interested in commerce and agriculture than they are in humanity, and are not prepared to do justice to the slave and to Mexico, co... ...mbassa dor, who will devote his days to the settlement of the question of human rights in the Council Chamber, in stead of being threatened with the... ... dor, who will devote his days to the settlement of the question of human rights in the Council Chamber, in stead of being threatened with the priso... ...ontinue their pilgrimage toward its fountainhead. No man with a genius for legislation has appeared in America. They are rare in the history of the wo... ...nt enough to avail himself of the light which it sheds on the sci ence of legislation. The authority of government, even such as I am will ing to su... ...not possible to take a step further towards recognizing and organizing the rights of man? There will never be a really free and enlightened State unt...

Full Text Search Details
...terest in cutting off your leg, is enough to make one despair of political humanity. But that is pre- cisely what we have done. And the more appalling... ...be proved against him, is to go wildly beyond the ascertained strain which human nature will bear. It is simply unscientific to allege or believe that... ...o be very fond of them, or even when, if you are not fond of them, you are human enough to forget every personal grudge before the spectacle of a fell... ...tetanus. I have heard them de- fend prophylactic measures and prophylactic legislation as the sole and certain salvation of mankind from zymotic dis- ... ...only of his right to knowledge, but of his right to live and all his other rights at the same time. The right to knowledge is not the only right; and ... ... not the only right; and its exercise must be limited by respect for other rights, and for its own exercise by others. When a man says to Society , “M... ...in spite of St. Francis and St. Anthony, that animals have no souls and no rights; so that you cannot sin against an ani- mal, or against God by anyth... ...wledge of vital statistics, and of the illusions which beset Public Health legislation. 52 The Doctor’s Dilemma: Preface on Doctors WHAT THE PUBLIC W... ...n immediate and startling reduction in child mortality, leading to further legislation increasing the quantity of brandy to a gallon. Not until the br...

Full Text Search Details
...their attachment to the principles of lib- erty, democracy and respect for human rights and fun- damental freedoms and of the rule of law, DESIRING to... ...attachment to the principles of lib- erty, democracy and respect for human rights and fun- damental freedoms and of the rule of law, DESIRING to deepe... ...ght in time lead to a common defence;- to strengthen the protection of the rights and interests of the nationals of its Member States through the intr... ...ded on the principles of democracy. 2. The Union shall respect fundamental rights, as guar- anteed by the European Convention for the Protection of Hu... ...l rights, as guar- anteed by the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms signed in Rome on 4 November 1950 and... ...the latest at the date of the establishment of the ESCB, that its national legislation including the statutes of its national central bank is compatib... ...an examination of the compatibil- ity between each Member State’s national legislation, including the statutes of its national central bank, and Artic... ...CLE 129 1. The Community shall contribute towards ensuring a high level of human health protection by encouraging co-operation between the Member Stat... ...horities of the Member States on the scope and implementation of Community legislation relating to the prudential supervision of credit institutions a...

Full Text Search Details
...is bitter and satirical, and seems to be sadly conscious of the realities of human life. Yet the ideal glory of the Platonic philosophy is not 4 Stat... ...pattern in heaven (Republic), is here described as a Paradisia- cal state of human society . In the truest sense of all, the ruler is not man but God;... ...ler is not man but God; and such a govern- ment existed in a former cycle of human history, and may again exist when the gods resume their care of man... ...what had before been undefined, and gave certainty to what was uncertain. No legislation ever sprang, like Athene, in full power out of the head eithe... ... of taking care of them. The question is often asked, What are the limits of legislation in relation to morals? And the answer is to the same effect, ... ...an only . YOUNG SOCRATES: How is that, and what bonds do you mean? STRANGER: Rights of intermarriage, and ties which are formed between States by givi...

Full Text Search Details
...g than men; that their part in courtship is entirely passive; and that the human female form is the most beautiful object in nature. Schopenhauer wrot... ...orced me to recognize the extent to which public opinion, and consequently legislation and juris- prudence, is corrupted by feminist sentiment. But Mr... ...was a creation of evil, and must therefore be ruled out in favor of purely humane and hygienic measures. Yet in the precisely parallel case of a man b... ...erous bur- glar, incendiary, ravisher or murderer, to the utmost limits of humanity’s comparatively negligible impulses in these direc- tions? Suppose... ...d is visibly destroying ours in the same way? Is there any radicle of such legislation in our parliamen- tary system? Well, there are two measures jus... ...onception of law and the very groundwork of institutions, ridiculing human rights, extolling brainless methods as “historical,” and tolerating nothing...

Full Text Search Details
...d, or even lost out of sight. It is dark to eyes touched with the films of human frailty: but it is ‘dark with excessive bright.’* Hence it has happen... ...centre! and yet, because we do not, to this hour the weather is a mystery. Human health—how transparent is its economy under ordinary cir- cumstances!... ...rnatural world. At present, under the humblest conception of religion, the human spirit is supposed to be interested in such a field by the conscience... ...oubt- edly below men. They pretended to no great works in phi- losophy, in legislation, or in the fine arts, except only that, as to one of these arts... ...ever developed the idea of representative government, either as applied to legislation or to administration? The elective principle was widely used am... ...rength, almost immediately travels forward into a comparison of right with rights, or of duty with duty. A mere fiscal question of restraint upon impo... ...from this or that particular quar- ter, passes into a question of colonial rights. Arrangements of convenience for the management of the pauper, or th... ...he war-captive, become the occa- sions of profound investigations into the rights of persons occupying those relations. Sanatory ordinances for the pr...

Full Text Search Details
... of economic classes make up but a small and inconspicuous fraction of the human race. As good an in- stance of this phase of culture as may be had is... ...d industrial only so far as its ultimate purpose is the utilisation of non-human things. The coercive utilisation of man by man is not felt to be an i... ...ot felt to be an indus- trial function; but all effort directed to enhance human life by taking advantage of the non-human environment is classed toge... ...iately concern the ruling class, and are, therefore, seLdom the subject of legislation or of deliberate convention. When they do receive attention the... ...orphism as the eighteenth-century appeal to an order of nature and natural rights, and in their modern rep- resentative, the ostensibly post-Darwinian... ... her assigned round of duties is unwomanly. If the question is as to civil rights or the suffrage, our common sense in the matter — that is to say the...

Full Text Search Details
... world who are of a speculative turn of mind, he generalizes the bad side of human nature, and has easily brought down his principles to his practice.... ...ilosophy and poetry alike supply him with distinctions suited to his view of human life. He has a good will to Socrates, whose talents he evidently ad... ... such as Miltiades, Themistocles, Pericles, are his favourites. His ideal of human character is a man of great passions and great powers, which he has... ...ookery, of medicine; rhetoric is the simulation of justice, and sophistic of legislation. They may be summed up in an arithmetical formula: Tiring : ... ...ithmetical formula: Tiring : gymnastic :: cookery : medicine :: sophistic : legislation. And, Cookery : medicine :: rhetoric : the art of justice. An... ...onal level. But sometimes a great man will rise up and reassert his original rights, trampling under foot all our formularies, and then the light of n... ...wo parts run into one another, justice having to do with the same subject as legislation, and medi- cine with the same subject as gymnastic, but with ... ...led by his enemies of all his goods, and has to live, simply deprived of his rights of citizenship? he being a man who, if I may use the expression, m...

Full Text Search Details
...ble by nothing less than all his history. Without hurry, without rest, the human spirit goes forth from the beginning to embody every faculty, every t... ... merely the application of his manifold spirit to the manifold world. This human mind wrote history, and this must read it. The Sphinx must solve her ... ...versal nature which gives worth to particu- 7 Emerson lar men and things. Human life, as containing this, is mysterious and inviolable, and we hedge ... ...and so perceiving, throws himself unhesitatingly on his thought, instantly rights himself, 50 Essays stands in the erect position, commands his limbs... ...ay that the brave Lovejoy gave his breast to the bullets of a mob, for the rights of free speech and opinion, and died when it was better not to live.... ...is own thought, then yields us to another redeemer, we seem to recover our rights, to become men. O, what truths profound and executable only in ages ... ...can get sufficient voices to make it a law. But the wise know that foolish legislation is a rope of sand which perishes in the twisting; that the Stat... ...eets to make it appear how pitiful and inartificial a contriv- ance is our legislation. The man whose part is taken and who does not wait for society ...

Full Text Search Details
...operation of the mere impulse to contradict them, always strong in English human nature. Why the Managers Love the Censorship The only one of these in... ...ment at his theatre. Under such circumstances, managers would be more than human if they did not regard the censorship as their most valuable privileg... ...hat I have a special interest in the achievement by my profession of those rights of liberty of speech and conscience which are matters of course in o... ...orality, that needs restraint; for mo- rality, with all the dead weight of human inertia and superstition to hang on the back of the pioneer, and all ... ...o make their living by the theatre are normal human beings with the common rights of English citizens. In this extremity of inconsiderateness it is no... ...he con- trol of a licensing authority should be made also a charter of the rights of dramatic authors and manag- ers by the following provisions: A. T... ...ll less plausible when it is consid- ered that at present, without any new legislation at all, any manager who is doubtful about a play can obtain the...

Full Text Search Details
...the wheel has come full circle” we do not begin again with a new period of human life; but we have passed from the best to the worst, and there we end... ...ncy, too, is the growth of time; and some of the greatest creations of the human mind have been wanting in unity. Tried by this test, several of the P... ...and the State is the visible embodiment of justice under the conditions of human society. The one is the soul and the other is the body, and the Greek... ...s, in utter recklessness, ending at last, Socrates, by an overthrow of all rights, private as well as public. Is that true? I said. That is my belief... ... paltry reforms such as I was describing; they are always fancying that by legislation they will make an end of frauds in contracts, and the other ra... ... regulations. What, then, he said, is still remaining to us of the work of legislation? Nothing to us, I replied; but to Apollo, the God of Delphi, th... ...ertainly. Plato’s The Republic 202 Then this is a kind of knowledge which legislation may fitly prescribe; and we must endeavour to persuade those wh... ...ill not go to law, or exert himself in any way, but is ready to waive his rights in order that he may escape trouble. And how does the son come into ... ...sses, and the horses and asses have a way of march ing along with all the rights and dignities of freemen; and they will run at anybody who comes in ...

Full Text Search Details
...me of the operations of those manufactures are performed, exceeds what the human hand could, by those who had never seen them, he supposed capable of ... ...hich so many advantages are de- rived, is not originally the effect of any human wisdom, which foresees and intends that general opulence to which it ... ...ary , though very slow and gradual, consequence of a certain propensity in human nature, which has in view no such extensive utility; the propensity t... ...owl- edgment must be paid upon working it. In both regulations, the sacred rights of private property are sacrificed to the supposed interests of publ... ...that of making bye-laws for the govern- ment of their own people, were all rights possessed allodially by the great proprietors of land, several centu... ...ost advantageous to themselves, is a manifest violation of the most sacred rights of mankind. Unjust, however, as such prohibitions may be, they have ... ...e Abbé Expilly, and the observations of the au- thor of the Essay upon the Legislation and Commerce of Corn, it appears probable that France, includin...

Full Text Search Details
...a of having begotten a child delighted him. Now he wanted nothing. He knew human life from end to end, and he sat down to it with serenity. Emma at fi... ... quite unbearable companions. But from the general background of all these human faces Emma’s stood out isolated and yet farthest off; for between her... ...ntinued the chemist, “it doesn’t concern me. It’ s for your sake, for pure humanity! I should like to see you, my friend, rid of your hideous caudicat... ...hink it over; in short, he was resolved to sue him rather than give up his rights and take back his goods. Charles subsequently ordered them to be sen... ...ink of my responsibility; for the Government persecutes us, and the absurd legislation that rules us is a veritable Damocles’ sword over our heads.” E...

Full Text Search Details
...So far Siraj et al [89] have used FCMs whose structure has been defined by human experts. Experiments are now ongoing that investigate the operationa... ... 63 A FCM using the above kind of table can be easily designed by the human domain experts and can be used to have a graphical model of the doma... ...e a graphical model of the domain. Sometimes it is not possible to have a human expert to model the domain because the number and complexity of the ... ...ly statutes in factual situations never dreamt of by the drafters of such legislations, judges labor to make the relevant statutory language “fit” t... ...should they go one step further and attempt to discern the purpose of the legislation at issue? Is it legitimate for them to consult current social ... ...nd the creditor is unlikely to convince the firm’s insiders to waive their rights to assets. The creditor risk concept, elaborated as subconcepts ...

Full Text Search Details
...nformation, visit www.caravanbooks.org. Copyright © 2008 by James Boyle. All rights reserved. The author has made an online version of this work avail... ...grees with my nomenclature here—and with much else besides. Activists, civil rights lawyers, bloggers, and librarians have actually done much of the h... ... for PLoS Biology with Arti Rai, “Synthetic Biology: Caught between Property Rights, the Public Domain, and the Commons.” 2 For several years now I ha... ...s research grants and Bost Fellowships. My work on synthetic biology and the human genome was supported in part by a CEER grant from the National Huma... ... asked; “you’ve seen much worse than this.” And he had. There are patents on human genes, on auctions, on algorithms. 2 The U.S. Olympic Committee has... ...ntific re- search on the gene without the patent holder’s consent? Forbidding human reproduction? Can religions secure copyrights over their scriptures... ...evolution, as in England before the Statute of Anne, the first true copyright legislation, the regulation of publishing was through a set of “privilege... ...orities and revered thinkers or because they framed constitutions or debated legislation. I wish to convince you that their views are important becaus... ... creators on the one hand and the public on the other. Intellectual property legislation had always been a cozy world in which the content, publishing...

Excerpt Details
...rom the practice of my profession, the topics I have treated are such as have always held my interest and inspired a taste for books that discuss the human machine with its manifestations and the causes of its varied activity. I have endeavored to present the latest scientific thought and investigation bearing upon the question of human conduct. I do not pretend to be an o...

Full Text Search Details
... al- ways held my interest and inspired a taste for books that discuss the human machine with its manifestations and the causes of its varied activity... ...e latest scientific thought and investigation bearing upon the question of human conduct. I do not pretend to be an origi- nal investigator, nor an au... ...o light. Naturally in a book of this sort there are many references to the human mind and its activities. In most books, whether scientific or not, th... ...rily evil; but rather, that politicians believe there is a demand for such legislation from the class of society that is most powerful in political ac... ...ts and conditions. The largest portion of our criminal code deals with the rights of property; yet nearly all of this is of comparatively modern growt... ...orce. Their existence was simple and primal, and they were governed by no “rights,” except such simple ones as were made by might and custom. Civiliza... ...h and all social customs and relations; they have strict ideas of property rights, and regard the law as sacred. T rue they have no more acquaintance ... ...hich interfere with the unrestricted use of property. None of this sort of legislation has their approval and the courts are regarded as meddle- some ... ...when they enforce it. The anti-trust laws, the anti- pooling laws, factory legislation of all kinds, anything in short that interferes with the unrest...

Excerpt Details
...Excerpt: When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the po litical bands which have connected them with another, and to assume, among the Powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Natu...

Full Text Search Details
...ion of Independence of The United States of America W hen in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the po litica... ...d equal, that they are endowed by their Cre ator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness. T... ...hese are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers fr... ...e Houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people. He has refused for a long time, after such dissolu t... ...unacknowl edged by our laws; giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended legislation: For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us: For prot...

Full Text Search Details
...to the principles of liberty. An over-scrupulous jealousy of danger to the rights of the people, which is more commonly the fault of the head than of ... ...ngerous ambition more often lurks behind the specious mask of zeal for the rights of the people than under the forbidden appearance of zeal for the fi... ...however it is instituted, the people must cede to it some of their natural rights in order to vest it with requisite powers. It is well worthy of cons... ...ll as just causes of war. It is too true, however disgraceful it may be to human na- ture, that nations in general will make war whenever they 17 The... ... to form them so at first; but, admitting that to be practicable, yet what human contrivance can secure the con- tinuance of such equality? Independen... ...es in the same neighborhood, would be to disregard the uni- form course of human events, and to set at defiance the accu- mulated experience of ages. ... ...these various and interfering interests forms the principal task of modern legislation, and involves the spirit of party and faction in the necessary ... ... parties at the same time; yet what are many of the most important acts of legislation, but so many judicial determinations, not indeed concerning the... ...e in the construction of the existing Confederation is in the principle of legislation for states or gov- ernments, in their corporate or collective c...

Full Text Search Details
...taining a recognition of certain immu nities, called political liberties or rights, which it was to be regarded as a breach of duty in the ruler to i... ...heir aspirations beyond this point. A time, however, came in the progress of human affairs, when men ceased to think it a necessity of On Liberty — M... ...intain it against encroachment, is as indispens able to a good condition of human affairs, as pro tection against political despotism. But though th... ...operation of law. What these rules should be, is the principal ques tion in human affairs; but if we except a few of the most obvious cases, it is on... ... to differ. It is accordingly on this battle field, almost solely , that the rights of the individual against society have been asserted on broad grou... ...ociety over the individual, both by the force of opinion and even by that of legislation: and as the tendency of all the changes taking place in the w... ...r of a new truth, according to this doctrine, should stand, as stood, in the legislation of the Locrians, the proposer of a new law, with a halter rou... ...ing rather the impressiveness of poetry or eloquence than the pre cision of legislation. To extract from it a body of ethical doctrine, has never bee... ...are consentaneous to his own feelings and character (where affection, or the rights of others are not concerned), it is so much done towards renderin...

Full Text Search Details
...PTER IV – Of the Divine Law. Laws either depend on natural necessity or on human decree. The existence of the latter not inconsistent with the former ... ...sistent with the former class of laws. Divine law a kind of law founded on human decree: called Divine from its object. Divine law: (1) universal; (2)... ...they are consequently, for the most part, very prone to credulity. (2) The human mind is readily swayed this way or that in times of doubt, especially... ...e community. (48) In order to establish my point, I start from the natural rights of the individual, which are co-extensive with his desires and power... ...er pleases, but is the guardian of his own liberty. (49) I show that these rights can only be transferred to those whom we depute to defend us, who ac... ...ce the power of ordering our lives, and I thence infer that rulers possess rights only limited by their power, that they are the sole guardians of jus... ...elf or others with a cer- tain object. (16) However, as the true object of legislation is only per- ceived by a few, and most men are almost incapable...

Full Text Search Details
...f government are assimilated to any other expedients for the attainment of human objects. They are regarded as wholly an affair of invention and contr... ...nored) are the work of men—owe their origin and their whole ex istence to human will. Men did not wake on a summer morn ing and find them sprung up.... ...ep ing.” In every stage of their existence they are made what they are by human voluntary agency. Like all things, there fore, which are made by men... ...ch are a subject of separate study. General jurisprudence, civil and penal legislation, fi nancial and commercial policy, are sciences in themselves,... ... may often be fit, like Roman freedmen, to be admitted at once to the full rights of citizenship. This, however, is not the normal condi tion of slav... ... which can be laid down respecting hu man affairs. The first is, that the rights and interests of every or any person are only secure from being disr... ...m. The former proposition—that each is the only safe guard ian of his own rights and interests—is one of those elemen tary maxims of prudence which ... ...d, that a numerous assembly is as little fitted for the direct business of legislation as for that of administration. There is hardly any kind of inte... ...se who do; if they would bethink themselves that better qualifications for legislation exist, and may be found if sought for, than a fluent tongue, an...

Full Text Search Details
... had read, and containing many of the best observations of the ancients on human nature and life, my father made me study with pecu liar care, and th... ... insight they afforded into Athe nian institutions, and the principles of legislation and gov ernment which they often illustrated, but pointed out ... ...reeds, devotional feelings, and ceremonies, not connected with the good of human kind—and causing these to be ac cepted as substitutes for genuine vi... ...rait till they reached the most perfect conception of wickedness which the human mind can devise, and have called this God, and prostrated them selve... ...ich Bentham passed judgment on the common modes of reasoning in morals and legislation, deduced from phrases like “law of nature,” “right reason,” “th... ...ffected in the condition of mankind through that doctrine. The T raité de Legislation wound up with what was to me a most impres sive picture of hu... ...he principal article of his political creed, not on the ground of liberty, Rights of Man, or any of the phrases, more or less significant, by which, u... ... several of whom I was acquainted. The paper in question is the one on the rights and duties of the State respecting Cor poration and Church Property... ...er in the Jurist, which I still think a very complete discus sion of the rights of the State over Foundations, showed both sides of my opinions, ass...

Full Text Search Details
... means something that he dare not avow: ownership of the person of another human being, for in- stance. And he never tells the truth about his own mar... ...ugh reinforced by unhappy mar- riages as all fanaticisms are reinforced by human sacrifices, it has been reduced to a private and socially inoperative... ...ng indulgence; so that we find the austere Shelley denounced as a fiend in human form, whilst Nelson, who openly left his wife and formed a menage a t... ...tempt to carry out such counsels would probably bring about more stringent legislation against actions going beyond the strict letter of the law in th... ...of democratic statesmanship. A states- man who confines himself to popular legislation—or, for the matter of that, a playwright who confines himself t... ...inciple. The right to bear a child, perhaps the most sacred of all women’s rights, is not one that should have any conditions attached to it except in... ... turn for mothering and coddling them; and find the concession of conjugal rights to any person under any conditions intol- erable by their self-respe... ...ried of proud and sensitive people to avoid any assertion of mat- rimonial rights, or to condescend to jealousy, sometimes makes the threatened husban...

Full Text Search Details
......... 270 Chapter Twenty-one: Physical and Social Studies: Naturalism and Humanism .................... 285 Chapter Twenty-two: The Individual and th... ...newal applies. With the renewal of physical existence goes, in the case of human beings, the recreation of beliefs, ide- als, hopes, happiness, misery... ...zed group will relapse into barbarism and then into savagery. In fact, the human young are so immature that if they were left to them- selves without ... ...is Reason. Against institutions as they are, individuals have no spiritual rights; personal de- velopment, and nurture, consist in obedient assimilati... ...terest in some mode of scientific achievement; and by sensitiveness to the rights and claims of others —con- scientiousness. And while these considera... ...class of more or less organized factory laborers with recognized political rights, and who make claims for a responsible role in the control of indust... ...react upon intelli- gence and interest so as to modify, in connection with legislation and administration, the socially obnoxious features of the pres...

Full Text Search Details
...INTRODUCTION T HE ATTEMPT to conceive imaginatively a better or- dering of human society than the destructive and cruel chaos in which mankind has hit... ...s not for themselves, but for mankind. Nevertheless, though the desire for human welfare is what at bottom determines the broad lines of such men’s li... ...Although, for the most part, they have more belief than their neighbors in human nature’s inherent capacity for a good life, they are so conscious of ... ...sputes arise from the violation of what are con- sidered to be fundamental rights, and from the perversion or subversion of governmental institutions”... ...t a very large part of the criminal law is concerned in safeguard- ing the rights of property, that is to say—as things are now— the unjust privileges... ...Freedom sentatives into closer touch with the interests concerned in their legislation; and this advantage probably would be se- cured by handing over...

Full Text Search Details
...abour, an appropriation that is made for the maintenance and reproduction of human life, and that leaves no surplus wherewith to command the labour of... ...eginning, this cannot be effected except by means of despotic inroads on the rights of property, and on the conditions of bourgeois produc tion; by m... ... in their eyes the law of pure Will, of Will as it was bound to be, of true human Will generally. The world of the German literate consisted solely i... ...ench criticism of the economic functions of money, they wrote “Alienation of Humanity,” and be neath the French criticism of the bourgeois State they... ..., against bourgeois competition, bour geois freedom of the press, bourgeois legislation, bour geois liberty and equality, and of preaching to the m...

Full Text Search Details
...831 DjVu Editions Copyright c 2001 by Global Language Resources, Inc. All rights reserved. Contents BOOK I 3 CHAPTER I — PRELIMINARY . . . . . . .... ..., was disclosed; farther, what seemed scarcely less interesting, a quite new human Individuality, an almost unexampled personal character, that, namel... ...ancient Caledonian, squatted himself in morasses, lurking for his bestial or human prey; without implements, without arms, save the ball of heavy Flin... ...ay, the whole country being under water? But, on the other hand, show us the human being, of any period or climate, without his Tools: those very Cale... ...tables (according to Horace), and with them, the whole fabric of Government, Legislation, Property, Police, and Civilized Society, are dissolved, in w... ...fulness (Ungest¨ um) under which the boldest quailed, assert that he too had Rights of Man, or at least of Mankin.” In all which, who does not discern... ...iffers, if at all, from High breeding, only as it gracefully re members the rights of others, rather than gracefully insists on its own rights, I dis... ... use the mildest term—not be in very good humor. If the last improvements in legislation, which we have made in this country, should have found their ...

Full Text Search Details
... ton demanded. His orders to the troops enjoined scrupulous regard for the rights of all peaceable persons and the pay- ment of the highest price for ... ...aternized with the “Yankees” in the pleasantest manner. In fact, under the humane policy of our commander, I ques- tion whether the great majority of ... ...l Scott to ask—if not demand—an armistice, respecting church property, the rights of citizens and the supremacy of the city government in the manage- ... ...sed the national sport. The sight to me was sickening. I could not see how human beings could enjoy the sufferings of beasts, and often of men, as the... ...dency. The civilized world has learned the conse- quence. Four millions of human beings held as chattels have been liberated; the ballot has been give... ...; against its aggressions upon the South; its interfer- ence with Southern rights, etc., etc. They denounced the Northerners as cowards, poltroons, ne... ... to lead them triumphantly out of all their difficulties. The story of the legislation enacted during the reconstruc- tion period to stay the hands of...

Full Text Search Details
...orn; who would then have remembered that England raised up this scourge to humanity not for the evil’s sake, but because some body had offered an ins... ...by one person over others; which has no moral repugnance to the thought of human beings born to the penal servitude for life, to which for the term of... ...(as far as slavery is concerned) of as much of it as protects the internal legislation of each State from the control of Congress; who aim at abolishi... ...ricultural system; which cannot be done without treat ing the slaves like human beings, nor without so large an employment of skilled, that is, of fr... ...aration. Remember, we consider them to be human beings, entitled to human rights. Nor can it be doubted that the mere fact of belonging to a Union in...