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When in the , distant yesterday of hawaii?s history, the great navigator and monarch of the hawaiian race, the prince kulani - kuil - hawaiiloa, first brought his people over the wide desert of the sea of kanaloa (the pacific ocean) from the continent of kahiki-ku to found a new domain on these islands, he named the second largest island of the hawaiian group haere tonu, which means “out of the darkness and depths of the sea.” Many centuries were to pass before the people of hawaii were to call this island by the name of maui in honor of maui-loa, the first independent sovereign of that island. Today the name of haere tonu is forgotten; it lives only in the classical chats of ancient hawaii. For almost fourteen centuries following the arrival of hawaii-loa, all of the islands of the hawaiian under a sovereignty of one monarch who was always a direct descendant in the senior line of that first hawaiiloa. Although each of the islands had its own district chifs—some of whom were extremely powerful—yet did all of these chiefs pay homage to and acknowledge the who ruled on the island of hawaii. The at most of those ancient hawaiian...

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The Prince Paumakua was the last of the Hawaiin monchs, until the advent of kamehameha the Great, to held sovereignty over all of the Hawaiin islands. paumakua was the 49th lineal descendant of the great Navigator-king Hawaiiloa; he was 108th generation descendant of wakea, the God of light who was the progenitor of Hawaiin royalty....

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Experiences in Operations Desert Storm and Allied Force highlighted a significant weakness in the USAF’s ability to engage time-critical targets. The weakness stems from airpower’s inability to employ force quickly and kill an emerging target before it disappears back into hiding. USAF’s engagement sequence, called the kill chain, is not fast enough to detect, locate, identify, and engage the target. Experience shows that the enemy has used this method of emerging, engaging, and dispersing since the beginning of time, and because it is still effective, the enemy has little reason to change. To help solve this difficulty, this study introduces and investigates two methods—reactive and preemptive—and determines how they might solve the problem in 2010....

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1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . 1 2 BACKGROUND . . . . . . . 7 3 REACTIVE APPROACH . . . . .23 4 PREEMPTIVE APPROACH . . . . 43 5 RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS . . . . 61...

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Drawing on the histories of three services—Great Britain’s Royal Air Force from 1918 to 1938, the Israeli Air Force from 1967 to 1973, and the United States Air Force from 1953 to 1965—Major Carter offers three case studies to determine if the cult of the offensive applies to air forces. He concludes that cults of the offensive have indeed influenced airpower doctrine in the past, and that detailed offensive planning and a critical evaluation of capabilities provide two methods for avoiding this potential trap. ...

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INTRODUCTION . . .1 THE NATURE OF OFFENSE AND DEFENSE FOR AIRPOWER . . .5 AIRPOWER AND THE IDEOLOGY OF THE OFFENSIVE . . .18 ROYAL AIR FORCE, 1918–38 . . .31 ISRAELI AIR FORCE, 1967–73 . . .52 UNITED STATES AIR FORCE, 1953–65 . . .65 IMPLICATIONS . . .88 NOTES . . .95 BIBLIOGRAPHY . . .107...

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By the end of the Vietnam War, advances in technology allowed these FACs to control strikes against targets at night, in bad weather, and with improved precision. Laser-guided weapons systems, new computer navigation equipment, and advanced ground radars combined to provide an effective and lethal capability. If the Mosquitoes were an annoyance in Korea, the Wolves of Vietnam proved to be a deadly addition to the concept of FAC....

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In this paper an Air Force ground commander and scholar, Lt Col Dave Marttala, brings to light a problem previously overlooked in popular discussion: Air Force deployment of large numbers of Airmen to augment the joint ground fight and the consequent breakage of the US war-fighting capability writ large....

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1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 The Myth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 The Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 This Paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2 BACKGROUND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Genesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Convoy Airmen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Assumptions and Expectations . . . . . . . . . . 7 In-Lieu-of Expansion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Current Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Joint Requirements and Sourcing . . . . . . . . 8 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Command and Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Popular Criticisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Studying the Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3 CASE STUDY: SECURITY FORCES . . . . . . .17 Description of Security Forces . . . . . ...

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The basic hypothesis explored in this paper is that organizational culture and institutional agendas significantly affected the rise and fall of the Twenty-third Air Force. The significance of this research effort is clear considering the 1 October 2003 merger of Combat Search and Rescue (CSAR) and AFSOF under the aegis of the Air Force Special Operations Command (AFSOC). In light of recent events, this study’s ultimate goal is to provide a preview of how culture may affect AFSOC’s endeavors to strengthen CSAR capabilities. By studying the past, this paper looks for glimpses into the future....

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1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2 UNDERSTANDING ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 3 HERITAGE AND CULTURE OF AIR FORCE SPECIAL OPERATIONS FORCES . . . . . . . . . .29 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53 4 HERITAGE AND CULTURE OF AIR RESCUE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91 5 ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE: THE RISE OF THE TWENTY-THIRD AIR FORCE . . . . . .101 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 6 ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE: THE FALL OF THE TWENTY-THIRD AIR FORCE . . . . .137 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 7 FROM THE PAST, THE FUTURE . . . . . . . . 171 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 APPENDIX: DESERT ONE ANALYSIS . . . . . . .183 ABBREVIATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .199...

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Boris Chertok continues his fascinating narrative on the early history of the Soviet space program, from 1961 to 1967.

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Set in the city of Argos a few years after the Trojan war, it is based around the character of Electra, and the vengeance that she and her brother Orestes take on their mother Clytemnestra and step father Aegisthus for the murder of their father, Agamemnon....

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Hēkabē is a tragedy by Euripides written c. 424 BC. It takes place after the Trojan War, but before the Greeks have departed Troy. The central figure is Hēkabē, wife of King Priam, formerly Queen of the now-fallen city. It depicts Hēkabē's grief over the death of her daughter Polyxena, and the revenge she takes for the murder of her youngest son Polydorus....

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The importance of close air support (CAS) has markedly increased over the last five years in Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom. CAS has been a heavily debated topic within the services for decades. CAS doctrine and training issues have affected aircraft procurement, interservice relationships, and the application and effectiveness of airpower on the battlefield. While much progress has been made since 2001, the services must continue to make CAS more effective. On the modern battlefield, the joint application of firepower is a reality, not a concept. It is time to “engage” the doctrinal and training challenges facing our services in order to increase the effectiveness of our aviation forces in the CAS arena....

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CAS has been a heavily debated topic within the services for decades. CAS doctrine and training issues have affected aircraft procurement, interservice relationships, and the application and effectiveness of airpower on the battlefield. While much progress has been made since 2001, the services must continue to make CAS more effective. On the modern battlefield, the joint application of firepower is a reality, not a concept. It is time to “engage” the doctrinal and training challenges facing our services in order to increase the effectiveness of our aviation forces in the CAS arena....

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The author contends that urban terrain has become the preferred battlespace of US adversaries in the early twenty-first century. This environment poses unique challenges, especially to air and space warfare. The difficulty of sorting friendlies from enemy combatants, the latter intermingled with large numbers of noncombatants in very confined spaces, creates serious dilemmas for maneuver and aviation forces. Colonel Kemper believes that this mission, though well documented, has received neither the priority nor the resources necessary to ensure operational excellence and success on the modern battlefield. Thus, he not only inquires about whether we are training like we fight, but also seeks to determine what makes aviation urban operations so complicated and unique that they require stand-alone doctrine, tactics, techniques, and procedures....

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Doctrine governing the integration of air and ground operations has been a hotly contested area since World War I. Historically, the services have developed and published their doctrine separately, often causing seams in thought and execution. Although joint doctrine exists for today’s joint force, its development followed the same historical pattern—taking service doctrines and “melding” into joint doctrine. This construct for developing joint doctrine has its shortcomings, which are most often manifested where we least likely want to see them—on the battlefield....

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1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 2 FRAMEWORK FOR INTRODUCING FUTURE JOINT DOCTRINE CONCEPTS . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3 SUPPORTED/SUPPORTING RELATIONSHIPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 4 ESTABLISHING DIRECTIVES AND EMERGING CONCEPTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 5 SYNCHRONIZATION OF INTERDICTION AND MANEUVER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 6 JOINT FIRES CONCEPTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 7 FIRE SUPPORT COORDINATION MEASURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62 8 CREATING SYNERGY AND MINIMIZING SEAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....

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DISCLAIMER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii FOREWORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v ABOUT THE AUTHOR . . . . . . . . . . . . vii PREFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . xi INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii Habit 1 Get a Haircut! First Impressions Last . . . . . 1 Habit 2 Shut Up! Listen and Pay Attention . . . . . . 9 Habit 3 Look Up! Attitude Is Everything . . . . . . . 15 Habit 4 Be Care-Full! Take Care of Your Troops . . . 23 Habit 5 Sharpen the Sword! Take Care of Yourself First. . . . . . . . . . . 35 Habit 6 Be Good! Know Your Stuff . . . . . . . . . . 45 Habit 7 Build Trust! Be Trustworthy . . . . . . . . . 51 Habit 8 Hang on Tight! Find an Enlisted Mentor . . . 59 FINAL THOUGHTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67...

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Una historia de 60 años de cooperación. 1950 - 2010

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Estamos frente a un relato único de las relaciones de cooperación que se han llevado a cabo durante seis décadas entre Guatemala y la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura – UNESCO....

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Estamos frente a un relato único de las relaciones de cooperación que se han llevado a cabo durante seis décadas entre Guatemala y la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura – UNESCO. El libro La UNESCO en Guatemala – Una historia de 60 años de cooperación es el registro de las principales acciones institucionales y de los aportes más destacados por el país, por los guatemaltecos y por la comunidad internacional en la búsqueda del desarrollo humano y del avance de los procesos de paz a través de la educación, la ciencia y la cultura. Para la Organización, han sido años enriquecidos por la oportunidad de colaborar con los destinos de un país de diversidad y herencia cultural excepcionales, que ha luchado fuertemente por lograr la implementación de la paz, la erradicación de la pobreza, el desarrollo sostenible y el diálogo intercultural. Al llegar a sus 60 años de cooperación con Guatemala, la UNESCO reconoce los valiosos aportes de personalidades nacionales, instituciones y ciudadanos en general, impulsados por convertir los objetivos de la Organización en políticas y resultados p...

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Top secret government UFO documents released to the public.

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This study analyzes whether special operations forces (SOF) should use unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) to support intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, communications, and resupply capability deficiencies. The author’s objective is to review the missions and requirements of the United States Special Operations Command, examine current and future unmanned aerial vehicle technologies, and analyze whether unmanned aircraft technologies are mature enough to meet the demanding special operations mission. The result of the analysis is that unmanned aerial vehicles have tremendous potential. But, due to the technological limitations and a lack of systems maturity, unmanned aerial vehicles lack the range, reliability, datalink capability, and size to meet SOF needs at this time. However, in the future, UAVs should be able to fulfill several SOF capability deficiencies....

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INTRODUCTION . . . . 1 Notes . . . . . 3 SPECIAL OPERATIONS TASKS AND CAPABILITY DEFICIENCIES . . . . . 5 Notes . . . . . 12 CURRENT AND EMERGING UAV TECHNOLOGIES . . . . 13 Notes . . . . . 24 ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSION . . . . 27 Notes . . . . . 35 BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . . 37...

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Under command of British general Allenby, the EEF successfully executed one of the most decisive engagements in any theater of World War I. Ably employing and synchronizing infantry, cavalry, and air forces, Allenby provided future military professionals and historians with a shining illustration of the efficacy of combined arms operations. Unfortunately, the true lessons of Allenby’s campaign were lost for future generations of military officers. This paper analyzes the reasons those in the profession of arms missed the lessons of airpower and its role in combined arms operations. The paper also delves into the role of airpower in the Middle East and how Allenby integrated a relatively new weapon system into his force structure and operational planning and execution. Though largely unexplored by military professionals and historians, Allenby’s final campaign in Palestine proved to be a momentous step in the evolution of combined arms operations....

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This study examines the rise of operations other than war (OOTW) as a new and prominent tasking for the armed services of the United States. The author, Lt Col Charles W. Hasskamp, USAF, is an advocate of the OOTW mission, and he argues that the US Special Forces Command is an excellent instrument for the task....

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1 GREAT ADVENTURE BEGINS . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 THREE MUSKETEERS TIMES TWO . . . . . . . 11 3 AIR-TO-GROUND BATTLE FOR ITALY . . . . .45 4 OPERATION STRANGLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65...