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Falling body experiments have shown gravity is not an attraction. Analogous to rolling a snow ball in space, objects in the path would be picked up. The larger the snow ball grows, the tighter it gets. Matter and the force of union would be incorporated. Dust particles build sand, then rock, and so forth, along with gravity. The force, or energy, is trapped within the structure. All joined elements share this center aiming potential, gravity. The coalition of mass and energy forms an activity center of building structures and emerging of a plant....

Excerpt Details
Gravity is not attraction. It is push, squeeze, or compression. The gathering of mases build a body and it's force of coalition, gravity. It might feel weak on an object. However, gravity center is the most intensive mass and energy center of a planet. The coalition of mass and energy forms an activity center of building structures and emerging of a plant....

Table of Contents Details
1 Introduction 2 Formation of Planet and Gravity 2.1 Nomad Planet and It’s Gravity 2.2 Rotation 2.3 Compressed Core 2.4 Electromagnetism 2.5 Bubble in Space 2.6 Growth and Development 3 Summary 4 Appendixes 4.1 Free Fall Test 4.2 Attraction and Tear 4.3 Magnetic Attraction 4.4 Inescapable Collision of Attraction 4.5 Paradoxes of Gravitational Attraction References...

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Despite our progress, predicting the hazardous activities of lithosphere has been a long endeavor. The issue is, Earth's gravity is the inward force of keeping all thing tight to maintain it's spherical shape. Force of tectonic motion has to fight against the persisting gravity to push the crust from ocean floor to the top of mountain ranges. However, gravity can not be a pulling force, or tidal drag, of seismic activities. It is no attraction force has been shown by falling body experiments. On the other hand, mantle convection is driven by gravity and centrifugal forces. Hot mantle can not raise without the gravity or centrifugal force to provide ascending buoyancy. And, cool mantle will not sink without the gravity. It is the same principle of hot air does not raise and cold air does not sink in zero gravity. ...

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I don't believe the mantle convection can be the driving force. Instead, it is driven by gravity and centrifugal forces. Hot mantle can not raise without the gravity or centrifugal force to provide ascending buoyancy. And, cool mantle will not sink without the gravity. It is the same principle of hot air does not raise and cold air does not sink in zero gravity. Gravity force makes denser elements sink and lighter ones raise. On the other hand, centrifugal force works in opposite manner. It creates perpendicular antigravity force away from the axle....

Table of Contents Details
1 Introduction 2 Centrifugal Force 3 Jelly Ball Earth 4 Hula Hawaii 5 Summary

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Falling body experiments have shown us the gravitational acceleration is independent of composition, shape, size, and distance. However, attracting acceleration is dependent on composition, shape, size, and distance. Therefore: Gravity is not an attraction. Gravity is a contact force of all elements moving toward a target in uniform acceleration regardless of their differences in composition, shape, size, and distance. As any force, gravity can not exist without mass. It has to be built by mass and it's momentum in the process of growing body. Only head-on congregation from gentle pairing to high speed collision can build such one way potential toward a common center. It is built together with the mass. The gathering coalesces structure, increases it size, and binding force of gravity. It is push, squeeze, or compression, but attraction or pull. A concentrative potential of all joined elements. Objects move to minimum contact field would lost their concentrative potential and experience micro gravity or weightlessness....

Excerpt Details
Gravitational acceleration is independent of composition, shape, size, and distance. However, attracting is dependent on composition, shape, size, and distance. Therefore: Gravity is not a force of attraction. It is a contact force of all elements moving toward a target in uniform acceleration regardless of their differences in composition, shape, size, and distance; a concentrative potential. Objects move to minimum contact field would lost their concentrative potential and experience micro gravity or weightlessness....

Table of Contents Details
1 Introduction 2 Free Fall Test 3 Attraction and Tear 4 Magnetic Attraction 5 Inescapable Collision of Attraction 6 Summary References

Description Details
Falling body experiments have shown gravity is not an attraction. Analogous to rolling a snow ball in space, objects in the path would be picked up. The larger the snow ball grows, the tighter it gets. Matter and the force of union would be incorporated. Dust particles build sand, then rock, and so forth, along with gravity. The force, or energy, is trapped within the structure. All joined elements share this center aiming potential, gravity. The coalition of mass and energy forms an activity center of building structures and emerging of a plant. ...

Excerpt Details
Gravity is not attraction. It is push, squeeze, or compression. The gathering of mases build a body and it's force of coalition, gravity. It might feel weak on an object. However, gravity center is the most intensive mass and energy center of a planet. The coalition of mass and energy forms an activity center of building structures and emerging of a plant....

Table of Contents Details
1 Introduction 2 Formation of Planet and Gravity 2.1 Nomad Planet and It’s Gravity 2.2 Rotation 2.3 Compressed Core 2.4 Electromagnetism 2.5 Bubble in Space 2.6 Growth and Development 3 Summary 4 Appendixes 4.1 Free Fall Test 4.2 Attraction and Tear 4.3 Magnetic Attraction 4.4 Inescapable Collision of Attraction 4.5 Paradoxes of Gravitational Attraction References...

Description Details
Falling body experiments have shown us the gravitational acceleration is independent of composition, shape, size, and distance. However, attracting acceleration is dependent on composition, shape, size, and distance. Therefore: Gravity is not an attraction. Gravity is a contact force of all elements moving toward a target in uniform acceleration regardless of their differences in composition, shape, size, and distance. As any force, gravity can not exist without mass. It has to be built by mass and it's momentum in the process of growing body. Only head-on congregation from gentle pairing to high speed collision can build such one way potential toward a common center. It is built together with the mass. The gathering coalesces structure, increases it size, and binding force of gravity. It is push, squeeze, or compression, but attraction or pull. A concentrative potential of all joined elements. Objects move to minimum contact field would lost their concentrative potential and experience micro gravity or weightlessness....

Excerpt Details
Gravitational acceleration is independent of composition, shape, size, and distance. However, attracting is dependent on composition, shape, size, and distance. Therefore: Gravity is not a force of attraction. It is a contact force of all elements moving toward a target in uniform acceleration regardless of their differences in composition, shape, size, and distance; a concentrative potential. Objects move to minimum contact field would lost their concentrative potential and experience micro gravity or weightlessness....

Table of Contents Details
1 Introduction 2 Free Fall Test 3 Attraction and Tear 4 Magnetic Attraction 5 Inescapable Collision of Attraction 6 Summary References

Description Details
Viewing the random motion, an observer might think it is 50-50 chances that an object would move toward or away. It might be intuitive, however, it is far from the truth. This study derives the probability function of blueshift vs. redshift effect of signal detection....

Excerpt Details
Doppler blueshift detection is terminal event. It will terminate and switch to redshift at zero meridian. On the other hand, redshift could continue beyond the limit of observation. This natural of Doppler effect makes redshift highly dominating in all observations. The probability function of blueshift is the risk of collision. It is also the chance to interact in dynamics. I believe it can be use to study risk vs. survival, navigation, dynamic interaction, and other applications....

Table of Contents Details
1 Introduction 2 Creation of Doppler Effect 3 Mathematical Model of Blueshift Detection in Space 4 Probability Function of Blueshift Detection 5 Probability Distribution of Blueshift Detection 6 Underlying Conditions 7 Probability Function in Surface Observation 8 Probability Function in Linear Observation 9 Summary 10 Appendixes I - Accumulated Probability Distribution 11 Appendixes II - Cross-Check with Redshift Survey...

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Viewing the random motion, an observer might think it is 50-50 chances that an object would move toward or away. It might be intuitive, however, it is far from the truth. This study derives the probability function of blueshift vs. redshift effect of signal detection. ...

Excerpt Details
Doppler blueshift detection is terminal event. It will terminate and switch to redshift at zero meridian. On the other hand, redshift could continue beyond the limit of observation. This natural of Doppler effect makes redshift highly dominating in all observations. The probability function of blueshift is the risk of collision. It is also the chance to interact in dynamics. I believe it can be use to study risk vs. survival, navigation, dynamic interaction, and other applications....

Table of Contents Details
1 Introduction 2 Creation of Doppler Effect 3 Mathematical Model of Blueshift Detection in Space 4 Probability Function of Blueshift Detection 5 Probability Distribution of Blueshift Detection 6 Underlying Conditions 7 Probability Function in Surface Observation 8 Probability Function in Linear Observation 9 Summary 10 Appendixes I - Accumulated Probability Distribution 11 Appendixes II - Cross-Check with Redshift Survey References...

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The infinite dynamic of the universe is maintained by the fundamental principles.

Excerpt Details
The infinite dynamic of the universe is maintained by the fundamental principles.This is an open invitation to collaborate and refine. I’m asking of your participation....

Table of Contents Details
1 Introduction 2 Fundamental Principles 3 Kardashev Civilization Scale 3.1 Proposed Scale of Civilization Advancement 4 Outlook of Earthling References...

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Studies the pitfall and paradoxes of inflation theory, including big-bang, dark energy, and dark matter. We know car will not drive on frictionless surface. Space has no surface and completely frictionless. It will not carry anything along, even if space could expand. Invisible matter, normal or dark, has to be felt since it has to occupy space. Normal matter would not move freely in space occupied by dark matter and dark energy. If there is interaction between normal and dark, it will be shown by normal matter. It is meaningless if there is no interaction. Only SPACE can occupy same space with matter without interaction, isn't it? ...

Excerpt Details
If you are riding on a craft, it will not carry you away if you there is no friction between you and the craft. Space is completely frictionless. It has no surface, and can only be regarded as absolute zero viscosity. Expansion of the space, if possible, will not drag anything along. It would just flow through and zip away by itself....

Table of Contents Details
Contents Abstract i Contents ii List of Figures iii List of Tables iii 1 Introduction 1 2 Paradox of Space Expansion 5 3 Real Life Analogy of Inertia in Expanding Space 9 4 Paradox of Redshift & Expanding Space 4.1 Real Life Analogy of Radiation Trap 5 Paradox of Constant Pulsating Quasars in Expanding Space 6 Conclusion 7 Appendix - A Brief Experiment of Space 7.1 Space and Vacuum 7.2 Space and Friction 7.3 Space and Motion 7.4 Space and Expansion 7.5 Space and Compression 7.6 Space and Energy 7.7 Summary 8 Appendix - Mind-Bending Questions References...

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Study the contradictory interpretations of double slit experiment. Reasoning the validity of particle-wave duality, uncertainty, chaos, and multi-verses. Fundamental particle can only react precisely with it's environment, and vice versa. Above all, the rest of the universe is the absolute complement of an object. Even a particle, it is impossible for it to be anywhere else at the same time, since anywhere else is it's absolute complement....

Excerpt Details
Particle and wave are fundamentally different. Particle is mass of distinct entity, and wave is the reaction of it's complement, which is wide and complex. The participating entities and their actions can not be fully identified. Nonetheless, particle and wave are separate entities. Isn't it scientifically essential to differentiate particle and wave?...

Table of Contents Details
1 Introduction 2 Current Contradictory Interpretations 2.1 Particle-Wave Duality 2.2 Observation Alters The Outcome 2.3 Uncertainty 2.4 Particles Can Be In Different Places At A Time 3 Anatomy of Double-Slit Device 3.1 The Deficiency of Double-Slit Device 4 A Look at Current Experiment 4.1 Test with Additional Detectors 4.2 Summary 5 Anatomy of Particle and Wave 5.1 Three States of Particle 5.1.1 Particle at Rest 5.1.2 Particle Spin 5.1.3 Particle Translation 5.2 Shape of Wave 5.3 Detection of Particle In Motion 26 6 Restudy the Double-Slit Experiment 6.1 Design 6.1.1 Definitions of the Components 6.1.2 Data Collected 6.1.3 Assumptions Experiment I - Reliability Test Experiment II - Normal Open Slit Test Experiment III - Additional Detectors Experiment IV - Wave Only Test Experiment V - Single Slit Test7 Summary 8 Appendix - Jeopardy of Atomic Experiments 8.1 Submerged Chemical Laboratory 8.2 Electron Cloud and Entanglement 9 Appendix - Fundamental Principles References...

Description Details
Proves mathematically that the Doppler blueshift is terminal event and Doppler redshift is dominating by natural. However, radiation redshift is not only the result of Doppler effect but also the quality loss of radiation over vast distance. An observer is surrounded by radiations of all frequencies, much like a background noise of light, sound and smell of a city. CBR will show redshift as visible radiations. Nevertheless, not the indication of growing universe....

Excerpt Details
The dominating and exponential natures of radiation redshift do not suggest the acceleratingly physical departure of all astronomical objects; and, neither inflation nor a common origin. Universe will continue as is, no extra matter and energy needed. Otherwise, besides the demand of run-away energy; the interactions among energy, matter, run-away energy, run-away matter, and acceleratingly expanding the space to carry objects away can only lead to run-away interpretations....

Table of Contents Details
1 Introduction 2 Creation of Doppler Effect 2.1 Limited Range of Doppler Blueshift 2.2 Mathematical Model of Blueshift Detection in Space 2.3 Probability Function of Blueshift Detection 2.4 Probability Distribution of Blueshift Detection 2.5 Underlying Conditions 2.6 Cross-Check with Redshift Survey 2.7 Probability Function in Surface Observation 2.8 Probability Function in Linear Observation 2.9 Probability Function Comparison 2.10 Properties of Doppler Effect 2.10.1 Properties of Doppler Blueshift 2.10.2 Properties of Doppler Redshift 3 Observer and the Environment 3.1 Doppler Effect of Rotating Observer 3.2 Environment Conditions 3.3 Heliosphere of The Solar System 3.4 Cross Radiations in Space 3.5 Sky In A Box 4 Lost in Translation 5 Cosmic Background Radiation 6 Conclusion 7 Appendixes 7.1 Paradox of Space Expansion 7.2 Real Life Analogy of Inertia in Expanding Space 7.3 Paradox of Redshift and Expanding Space 7.3.1 Real Life Analogy of Radiation Trap 7.4 Paradox of Constant Pulsating Quasars in Expanding Space 7.5 Mind-Bending Questions 7.6 Can We Really Tell The Size & Age of The Universe? 7.7 A...

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We have learned to manipulating matter and energy since our first existence on Earth, however, never space. Luckily, there is vacuum sharing some properties of space. We can create and shape vacuum to some extent. This experiment will observe the actions of vacuum, mass and energy to derive a logical understanding of space....

Excerpt Details
Here, the properties of space is summarized as: • Playing-field for mass, energy, and action. • Massless, shapeless, and weightless. • Actionless or absolute zero. • Contains no energy. • Frictionless or zero viscosity. • Incapable of any interaction. • Coexists with all objects. • Beyond measure. • Absolute independent. • Absolute integrity. It’s properties and location never alter....

Table of Contents Details
Abstract i Contents ii List of Figures iii List of Tables iii 1 Introduction 1 2 Outline of The Experiment 4 3 Space and Vacuum 5 4 Space and Friction 7 5 Space and Motion 9 6 Space and Expansion 12 7 Space and Compression 14 8 Space and Energy 16 9 Summary 18 10 Appendix- Fundamental Principles 20...

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Exploits speed, time, and space to show why time dilation is impossible. Space and time are completely independent. Space has existence and absolutely recyclable. However, time is only reference information. It doest not exist in nature. Among all, TIME CAN NOT BE RECYCLED! Clocks can drift, yet, it is absolutely independent of time. Can we suppose the expansion or contraction of a yard stick meant the space has changed?...

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Time is only the reference information. It is not the element of the universe. Hasn't our obsession with time and speed clouded our judgment?

Table of Contents Details
1 Introduction 1.1 Speed and Time 2 Visiting Friends on Planet X 3 Control Set 4 Laser Transmission 5 Wife in Her Own Spaceship 6 High Speed Travel 7 More about Laser Transmission 8 Conclusion 9 Appendix - Paradoxes of Time Dilation References...

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Proves mathematically that the Doppler blueshift is terminal event and Doppler redshift is dominating by natural. However, radiation redshift is not only the result of Doppler effect but also the quality loss of radiation over vast distance. An observer is surrounded by radiations of all frequencies, much like a background noise of light, sound and smell of a city. CBR will show redshift as visible radiations. Nevertheless, not the indication of growing universe. ...

Excerpt Details
The dominating and exponential natures of radiation redshift do not suggest the acceleratingly physical departure of all astronomical objects; and, neither inflation nor a common origin. Universe will continue as is, no extra matter and energy needed. Otherwise, besides the demand of run-away energy; the interactions among energy, matter, run-away energy, run-away matter, and acceleratingly expanding the space to carry objects away can only lead to run-away interpretations....

Table of Contents Details
1 Introduction 1 2 Creation of Doppler Effect 2.1 Limited Range of Doppler Blueshift 2.2 Mathematical Model of Blueshift Detection in Space 2.3 Probability Function of Blueshift Detection 2.4 Probability Distribution of Blueshift Detection 2.5 Underlying Conditions 2.6 Cross-Check with Redshift Survey 2.7 Probability Function in Surface Observation 2.8 Probability Function in Linear Observation 2.9 Probability Function Comparison 2.10 Properties of Doppler Effect 2.10.1 Properties of Doppler Blueshift 2.10.2 Properties of Doppler Redshift 3 Observer and the Environment 3.1 Doppler Effect of Rotating Observer 3.2 Environment Conditions 3.3 Heliosphere of The Solar System 3.4 Cross Radiations in Space 3.5 Sky In A Box 4 Lost in Translation 5 Cosmic Background Radiation 55 6 Conclusion 58 7 Appendixes 7.1 Paradox of Space Expansion 7.2 Real Life Analogy of Inertia in Expanding Space 7.3 Paradox of Redshift and Expanding Space 7.3.1 Real Life Analogy of Radiation Trap 7.4 Paradox of Constant Pulsating Quasars in Expanding Space 7.5 Mind-Bending Questions 7.6 Can We Really Tell The Size & Age of The Univ...

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Information is only the description of the event, not the source event. When continuous information are sent from different locations, and the observer is moving from place to place; It would not necessarily reach the receiver in same order and interval initiated by the event....

Excerpt Details
The issue is, sometime we can not separate the event and it's information, and even fooled by it.

Table of Contents Details
Abstract Contents List of Figures List of Tables 1 Introduction 1 2 Event and Information 2.1 Information and Virtual Reality 3 Event and Information Analogy 4 Information Transport Analogy 4.1 Approaching Pitcher 4.2 Departing Ball Pitcher 4.3 Dynamic of Moving Pitcher 5 Dynamic Observation Simulation 6 Summary References...

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The vitality of gravity can't be overstated. Interacting with other forces, i.e. solar, centrifugal, geothermal, and magnetic, it creates circulations of particle, gas, liquid, and solid. Gravity is clear, free, and perpetual energy, however, misunderstood for centuries. Understanding and mimicking this natural potential can significantly benefit all lives on Earth....

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Mimicking nature's circulations of resources will benefit all lives greatly. I believe managing water cycle is easier than we think. It's the very first step of our civilization. We can not continue to deny our mistakes and misdirected objectives. The question is, are we doing all right things out of the true respect and love for all lives, our children and their future in particular?...

Table of Contents Details
1 Introduction 2 Gravity Differential 2.1 Driving Force of Gravity Differential 2.2 Rotisserie of Solar Energy 2.3 Convection Effect of Interactions 3 Applications of Gravity Differential 4 Managing Freshwater Cycle 5 Summary References...

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I got into this is because I can't shake off those mind boggling interpretations from my head.

Excerpt Details
Just can't shake off those mind boggling interpretations from my head.

Table of Contents Details
1 A Brief Experiment of Space 2 Paradox of Space Bending and Expansion 3 From Redshift To Cosmic Background Radiation 4 Delusion of Time Dilation 5 Event and Information Transportation 6 Particle vs. Wave in Double-Slit Test 7 Driving Force of Tectonic Plate 8 Proposed Civilization Scale 9 Fundamentals of The Universe 10 Age of The Universe Paradox 11 Stochastic Functions of Doppler Blueshift vs. Redshift 12 Gravity Is Not Attraction 13 The Making of Planet and Gravity 14 The Making of Star and Solar System 15 The Making of Black Hole And Galaxy 16 Why Quantum Jump 17 Gravity by Spacetime Curvature Paradox 18 Dark Matter and Dark Energy Paradox Essay 19 Big-Bang Expansion, Illusion of Cosmic Redshift 20 A Slice of π 21 Water Cycle Management 22 Wave And Tide, A New Look 23 Anatomy of Radiation And Propagation...

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Everyone can do it experiment will not catch much serious attention. Dishing up the same old stuff of few hounded years might seemed child's play to some. However, many fundamentals of the universe are revealed if looked closer. Significant facts can be misinterpreted, overlooked, or ignored when we rush forward. The truth is, free fall experiments reveal more than just gravity....

Excerpt Details
Gravity is not attraction; falling is an action, and space is infinitely independent.

Table of Contents Details
1 Introduction 2 Free Fall Experiments 3 Cognizance of the Experiments 4 Summary 4.1 Gravity Force 4.2 Action of Free Fall 4.3 Gravity vs. Attraction 4.4 Space vs. Mass and Energy References...

Description Details
Information can be in many forms. Radiation, light, particle, air, sound, radio, or print, just to name a few. In any form, it has to obey the fundamental principles of mass, energy, and motion. At any single frame of moment, there is only one physical location for any object and it's action to unfold. It is the progression of the universe we perceived it as arrow of time. Real event does not replay, however, it's radiations can be delivered as information to observers at countless locations. Information can be preserved in our memory or external medias. This separation of reality and information enable us to replicate history without original real actors. However, information can be tampered by environment as well as personal consciousness and subconsciousness. It can also be manipulated into fictitious fantasies that is impossible in physical universe. It is illusion if we can not distinguish reality and it's information....

Excerpt Details
We live in a totally immersed reality. Information can be augmented by environment as well as personal feeling. It is illusion if we can not distinguish reality and it's information....

Table of Contents Details
1 Introduction1 2 Light, Reality, And Information 3 Transportation Of Information 3.1 Catcher And Ball Pitcher 3.2 Dynamic of Moving Pitcher 3.3 Dynamic Observation Simulation 3.4 Divergence of Delivery 4 Illusion of Information 21 5 Summary 22 References...

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We hear the word radiation often. We see waves revealed by water, and air wave above hot surface. We feel the air (wind) and hear it's motion (sound), even see the supersonic shack wave of air. How particle, wave, radiant energy, or EMR is different from perceivable world in our day to day life? Shouldn't there be fundamental principles that governing the action of matter and it's interaction with it's environment?...

Excerpt Details
Oscillating piano string with hummer, it makes sound and heat. Dust or water droplets on th string will be shook off. Oscillating it with electricity, it produces heat and light. Particles are radiated when oscillated in high energy. Certainly, the structure of the string will not survive long in such intense. Comparing to what the Sun is doing, do you see the similarity? Isn't the Sun is oscillating at the intense of destruction?...

Table of Contents Details
1 Introduction 2 Anatomy of Radiation 3 Propagation Function 3.1 Surface Propagation 4 Heterogeneity 5 Heterogeneity Redshift Calculation 6 Anatomy of Redshift 6.1 Heterogeneity Redshift 6.2 Doppler Redshift 7 Summary References...

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Wave is a fundamental action of the universe. Water waves when it is disturbed by internal or external force. And, there be higher water level when waves meet the shore. This study examines the driving forces of waving gas, liquid, and solid anew when gravity is not force of attraction....

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Gravity is not a force of attraction. It has raised the question of how the Sun and Moon affect the tide when attraction force has nothing to do with it....

Table of Contents Details
1 Introduction 2 Forces of Waves 3 Rotation, Wave, Tide, and Gravity 4 Solar Wind, Moon, Wave, and Tide 4.1 Full Moon and Tide 4.2 New Moon and Tide 4.3 Quarter Moon and Tide 5 Rigid Layer References...

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A simple way of approximating π

Excerpt Details
Easy π approximation

Table of Contents Details
1 Introduction 2 A Slice of π 2.1 Calculation The Approximation of π 3 An Interesting Thought About π 3.1 Point Dimension 4 Summary References

Description Details
Big-bang and universe expansion are illusions of cosmic redshift. Space has no surface, boundary, and friction. Even if space could expand, it will no carry anything along. The size of the universe is defined by it's boundary, not the separation of objects. Unless the boundary of the universe can be measured, it's size can not be defined. Neither, can we linearly revert the universe had started from a very high density and high temperature state based on the receding objects. Beside, not only redshift of Doppler effect is over 92\% dominating in nature, not 50-50 linear assumption; but also it is independent of location. It is function of changing in distance. Distance objects do not necessarily have larger Doppler effect. Except redshift caused by frequency loss is location dependable. The interpretation of big bang and universe expansion based on the receding of objects is fundamentally unsound....

Excerpt Details
The dominating and exponential natures of radiation redshift do not suggest acceleratingly physical departure of all astronomical objects, neither inflation nor a common origin. Universe will continue as is, no extra matter and energy needed. Otherwise, besides the demand for run-away energy/matter; the interactions among ordinary energy/matter and run-away energy/matter; and acceleratingly expansion demands accelerating energy/matter; and on. It can only lead to run-away interpretations, and possibly science as well....

Table of Contents Details
1 Introduction 2 Illusion Caused By Radiation Redshift 3 Disprove Expanding Universe 4 Illusion of Expanding Space 4.1 Space, Mass, and Force 4.2 Displacement of Space Paradox 4.3 Expansion of Space Paradox 5 Motion of Objects VS. Background 6 Get Down To The Foundations 7 Summary References...