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Author’s imagination of how would look the physical micro-universe using composed, found, changed, modified, alternated, or computer-programmed art works. These images are part of a series of about 100 cyberart creations representing the unimaginable little word of physics particles, anti-particles, un-particles that compose the matter, anti-matter, and un-matter....

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Electronic Art (forward): 4 QUANTUM: 5 …micro-universe images QUANTUM THEORY: 23 …micro-universe images QUANTIZATION: 39 …micro-universe images QUANTUM NUMBERS: 56 …micro-universe images QUANTUM MECHANICS: 72 …micro-universe images GENERALIZATION OF SCHRÖDINGER EQUATION: 88 …micro-universe images...

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A line of thought explored herein is the correspondence between cosmological phenomena and condensed matter physics, and therefore we can think that the quantization of orbit distances can be caused by superfluid helium quantization. This issue is explored by F. Smarandache and V. Christianto. Moreover, F. Smarandache also discusses possible new era of research that is pertaining to superluminal physics and instantaneous physics. Ion Patrascu and D. Rabounski discuss superluminality from their perspectives. And M. Pereira discusses his Hypergeometrical Universe model....

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Preface III Contents IV Planetary orbits in Solar and Extrasolar systems (A. Rubcic & J. Rubcic) Fizika A, 19 no.3, 2010...................1 Areal velocities of planets and their comparison (P. Pintr, V. Per\inova% , A. Luks\) unpubl. 2011...................15 Distribution of distances in solar system (P. Pintr, V. Perinova , A. Luks) Chaos , Soliton, Fractals 2007...................27 New cosmological model of universe and possible quantization of the Hubble parameter (P.Pintr) unpublished paper, Dec. 2011...................39 Do we really understand the solar system? (M. Pitkanen) Nov. 27th 2011...................50 Inflation and TGD (M. Pitkanen) Dec. 10th 2011...................70 QCD and TGD (M. Pitkanen) Dec. 19th 2011...................78 Quantum arithmetics and the relationship between real and p-adic physics (M. Pitkanen) Dec. 12th 2011...................94 A blind pilot: who is super-luminal observer? (D. Rabounski) Progress in Physics Vol.2, 2008................126 Scientist deduced the existence of particles with faster-than-light speeds recently discovered by CERN. (I. Patrascu) Progress in Physics Vol.4, 20...

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Under The Thelián Sky: Beyond the Great Unknown (updated cover)As everyone knows, God created mankind to his image (Genesis 01:27). What mankind does not know is that God did not create man on Earth, but rather on MARS! When Mars could not sustain life anymore, mankind had to escape the planet and colonized Earth. Many years later, a study was written about the survival of mankind in Sol Four (Mars) and its struggle in Sol Three (Earth). We proved to be a species that has survived wars, slavery and other forms of abuse — always holding on to our faith in God. Doctor Ajidán Edejèm, after finding out that his world was going to die, embarks in the dangerous mission to rescue as many people as possible and search for a new world. All the while, the government wants to keep everything quiet and even kill him for telling others about the unavoidable doom. “We discovered that the seismic activity is increasing and becoming more frequent causing volcanic eruptions, which increase the volume of sulfates in the atmosphere and break down Ozone. In other words, the atmosphere of this planet is bleeding into space. At the rate these p...

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The question is, will we ever know if there are objects outside of the detectable universe radiating in wave length longer than CBR? We only measure the universe with visual radiations. Doesn't it seem that the age of the universe is determined by the size of our telescope? Nevertheless, there are activities of elementary particles which can not be detected by us? Isn't' it impossible to picture how far some active objects, say neutrinos, can be other than infinite. ...

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Suppose we have perfect telescope that is limitless in range; And, we don't see anything when we look pass all objects; Can we say we have reached the edge of the Space or Universe? Or, there is infinity beyond Space? ...

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1 Introduction 1 2 Probability Function of Doppler Effect 3 NED’s Redshift Survey Database 4 Estimate Age of The Universe Based On NED Database 5 Cosmic Background Radiation 6 Can We Really Tell The Size & Age of The Universe? 7 Appendix II: Accumulated Probability Distribution References...

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Study the contradictory interpretations of double slit experiment. Reasoning the validity of particle-wave duality, uncertainty, chaos, and multi-verses. Fundamental particle can only react precisely with it's environment, and vice versa. Above all, the rest of the universe is the absolute complement of an object. Even a particle, it is impossible for it to be anywhere else at the same time, since anywhere else is it's absolute complement....

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Particle and wave are fundamentally different. Particle is mass of distinct entity, and wave is the reaction of it's complement, which is wide and complex. The participating entities and their actions can not be fully identified. Nonetheless, particle and wave are separate entities. Isn't it scientifically essential to differentiate particle and wave?...

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1 Introduction 2 Current Contradictory Interpretations 2.1 Particle-Wave Duality 2.2 Observation Alters The Outcome 2.3 Uncertainty 2.4 Particles Can Be In Different Places At A Time 3 Anatomy of Double-Slit Device 3.1 The Deficiency of Double-Slit Device 4 A Look at Current Experiment 4.1 Test with Additional Detectors 4.2 Summary 5 Anatomy of Particle and Wave 5.1 Three States of Particle 5.1.1 Particle at Rest 5.1.2 Particle Spin 5.1.3 Particle Translation 5.2 Shape of Wave 5.3 Detection of Particle In Motion 26 6 Restudy the Double-Slit Experiment 6.1 Design 6.1.1 Definitions of the Components 6.1.2 Data Collected 6.1.3 Assumptions Experiment I - Reliability Test Experiment II - Normal Open Slit Test Experiment III - Additional Detectors Experiment IV - Wave Only Test Experiment V - Single Slit Test7 Summary 8 Appendix - Jeopardy of Atomic Experiments 8.1 Submerged Chemical Laboratory 8.2 Electron Cloud and Entanglement 9 Appendix - Fundamental Principles References...

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Proves mathematically that the Doppler blueshift is terminal event and Doppler redshift is dominating by natural. However, radiation redshift is not only the result of Doppler effect but also the quality loss of radiation over vast distance. An observer is surrounded by radiations of all frequencies, much like a background noise of light, sound and smell of a city. CBR will show redshift as visible radiations. Nevertheless, not the indication of growing universe....

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The dominating and exponential natures of radiation redshift do not suggest the acceleratingly physical departure of all astronomical objects; and, neither inflation nor a common origin. Universe will continue as is, no extra matter and energy needed. Otherwise, besides the demand of run-away energy; the interactions among energy, matter, run-away energy, run-away matter, and acceleratingly expanding the space to carry objects away can only lead to run-away interpretations....

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1 Introduction 2 Creation of Doppler Effect 2.1 Limited Range of Doppler Blueshift 2.2 Mathematical Model of Blueshift Detection in Space 2.3 Probability Function of Blueshift Detection 2.4 Probability Distribution of Blueshift Detection 2.5 Underlying Conditions 2.6 Cross-Check with Redshift Survey 2.7 Probability Function in Surface Observation 2.8 Probability Function in Linear Observation 2.9 Probability Function Comparison 2.10 Properties of Doppler Effect 2.10.1 Properties of Doppler Blueshift 2.10.2 Properties of Doppler Redshift 3 Observer and the Environment 3.1 Doppler Effect of Rotating Observer 3.2 Environment Conditions 3.3 Heliosphere of The Solar System 3.4 Cross Radiations in Space 3.5 Sky In A Box 4 Lost in Translation 5 Cosmic Background Radiation 6 Conclusion 7 Appendixes 7.1 Paradox of Space Expansion 7.2 Real Life Analogy of Inertia in Expanding Space 7.3 Paradox of Redshift and Expanding Space 7.3.1 Real Life Analogy of Radiation Trap 7.4 Paradox of Constant Pulsating Quasars in Expanding Space 7.5 Mind-Bending Questions 7.6 Can We Really Tell The Size & Age of The Universe? 7.7 A...

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Proves mathematically that the Doppler blueshift is terminal event and Doppler redshift is dominating by natural. However, radiation redshift is not only the result of Doppler effect but also the quality loss of radiation over vast distance. An observer is surrounded by radiations of all frequencies, much like a background noise of light, sound and smell of a city. CBR will show redshift as visible radiations. Nevertheless, not the indication of growing universe. ...

Excerpt Details
The dominating and exponential natures of radiation redshift do not suggest the acceleratingly physical departure of all astronomical objects; and, neither inflation nor a common origin. Universe will continue as is, no extra matter and energy needed. Otherwise, besides the demand of run-away energy; the interactions among energy, matter, run-away energy, run-away matter, and acceleratingly expanding the space to carry objects away can only lead to run-away interpretations....

Table of Contents Details
1 Introduction 1 2 Creation of Doppler Effect 2.1 Limited Range of Doppler Blueshift 2.2 Mathematical Model of Blueshift Detection in Space 2.3 Probability Function of Blueshift Detection 2.4 Probability Distribution of Blueshift Detection 2.5 Underlying Conditions 2.6 Cross-Check with Redshift Survey 2.7 Probability Function in Surface Observation 2.8 Probability Function in Linear Observation 2.9 Probability Function Comparison 2.10 Properties of Doppler Effect 2.10.1 Properties of Doppler Blueshift 2.10.2 Properties of Doppler Redshift 3 Observer and the Environment 3.1 Doppler Effect of Rotating Observer 3.2 Environment Conditions 3.3 Heliosphere of The Solar System 3.4 Cross Radiations in Space 3.5 Sky In A Box 4 Lost in Translation 5 Cosmic Background Radiation 55 6 Conclusion 58 7 Appendixes 7.1 Paradox of Space Expansion 7.2 Real Life Analogy of Inertia in Expanding Space 7.3 Paradox of Redshift and Expanding Space 7.3.1 Real Life Analogy of Radiation Trap 7.4 Paradox of Constant Pulsating Quasars in Expanding Space 7.5 Mind-Bending Questions 7.6 Can We Really Tell The Size & Age of The Univ...

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The Universal Knowledge given by Oris offers the fundamentals of a new and unique world view for all of us. It allows us to penetrate the mystery of eternal existence to an extent inaccessible before, reasonably and substantially solving the problems therein, offering convincing answers which are not available in any religious world view, philosophical movement or scientific theory. Oris’ Information expands the limits of human experience and perception literally to infinity! IISSIIDIOLOGY is a deep synthesis of high-quality spiritual thinking and coherent, rational scientific analysis. Oris explains with appropriateness the unusual form in which he presents this systematic Knowledge: before we can reach and understand the deepest layers of the truth expressed in complex wording, everyone will have to free themselves from all previous limiting conclusions and conceptions, thus allowing more intensive flows of the newest information into one’s self-consciousness to form in it totally new, high-quality goals and objectives that until now have been considered fantastic and absolutely unachievable...

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Preface from the American Editor Preface. About IISSIIDIOLOGY Editors’ Foreword Proofreader’s Foreword Chapter I.Fundamental principles of Immortality in the system of “personalized” Perception Chapter II. The newest spiritual-cosmological Conceptions of the Universe and the human being Chapter III. A brief description of the main principles of energy-information structuring of multidimensional creative dynamics of the variable ethereal component of LLUU-VVU-Forms Chapter IV. The newest Conceptions of dynamics of energy-information structures of Creation Chapter V. Each of us has a great number of Destinies Chapter VI. Peculiarities of functioning of space-time and energy-information structures of “personalized” Self-Consciousness Abbreviations used in IISSIIDIOLOGY Endnotes Contacts...

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Study the contradictory interpretations of double slit experiment. Reasoning the validity of particle-wave duality, uncertainty, chaos, and multi-verses. Fundamental particle can only react precisely with it's environment, and vice versa. Above all, the rest of the universe is the absolute complement of an object. Even a particle, it is impossible for it to be anywhere else at the same time, since anywhere else is it's absolute complement. ...

Excerpt Details
Double-slit device is but a wave detector than a bullet hole counter. Particle and wave are fundamentally different. Particle is mass of distinct entity, and wave is the reaction of it's complement, which is wide and complex. The participating entities and their actions can not be fully identified. Nonetheless, particle and wave are separate entities. Isn't it scientifically essential to differentiate particle and wave? ...

Table of Contents Details
1 Introduction 2 Current Contradictory Interpretations 2.1 Particle-Wave Duality 2.2 Observation Alters The Outcome 2.3 Uncertainty 2.4 Particles Can Be In Different Places At A Time 3 Anatomy of Double-Slit Device 3.1 The Deficiency of Double-Slit Device 4 A Look at Current Experiment 4.1 Test with Additional Detectors 4.2 Summary 5 Anatomy of Particle and Wave 5.1 Three States of Particle 5.1.1 Particle at Rest 5.1.2 Particle Spin 5.1.3 Particle Translation 5.2 Shape of Wave 5.3 Detection of Particle In Motion 26 6 Restudy the Double-Slit Experiment 6.1 Design 6.1.1 Definitions of the Components 6.1.2 Data Collected 6.1.3 Assumptions Experiment I - Reliability Test Experiment II - Normal Open Slit Test Experiment III - Additional Detectors Experiment IV - Wave Only Test Experiment V - Single Slit Test7 Summary 8 Appendix - Jeopardy of Atomic Experiments 8.1 Submerged Chemical Laboratory 8.2 Electron Cloud and Entanglement 9 Appendix - Fundamental Principles References...

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Papers concerning any of the Smarandache type functions, sequences, numbers, algorithms, inferior/superior f-parts, magic squares, palindromes, functional iterations, semantic paradoxes, Non-Euclidean geometries, manifolds, conjectures, open problems, algebraic structures, neutrosophy, neutrosophic logic/set/probability, hypothesis that there is no speed barrier in the universe} quantum paradoxes, etc. have been selected for this volume. Contributors are from Australia, China, England, Germany, India, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, Morocco, Portugal, Romania, Spain, USA. Most of the papers are in English, a few of them are in Spanish, Portuguese, or Gennan....

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The present book discusses, among other things, various quantization phenomena found in Astrophysics and some related issues including Brownian Motion. With recent discoveries of exoplanets in our galaxy and beyond, this Astrophysics quantization issue has attracted numerous discussions in the past few years. Most chapters in this book come from published papers in various peer-reviewed journals, and they cover different methods to describe quantization, including Weyl geometry, Supersymmetry, generalized Schrödinger, and Cartan torsion method. In some chapters Navier-Stokes equations are also discussed, because it is likely that this theory will remain relevant in Astrophysics and Cosmology While much of the arguments presented in this book are theoretical, nonetheless we recommend further observation in order to verify or refute the propositions described herein. It is of our hope that this volume could open a new chapter in our knowledge on the formation and structure of Astrophysical systems. ...

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Abstract We explore Yang’s Noncommutative space-time algebra (involving two length scales) within the context of QM defined in Noncommutative spacetimes and the holographic area-coordinates algebra in Clifford spaces. Casimir invariant wave equations corresponding to Noncommutative coordinates and momenta in d-dimensions can be recast in terms of ordinary QM wave equations in d + 2-dimensions. It is conjectured that QM over Noncommutative spacetimes (Noncommutative QM) may be described by ordinary QMin higher dimensions. Novel Moyal-Yang-Fedosov-Kontsevich star products deformations of the Noncommutative Poisson Brackets are employed to construct star product deformations of scalar field theories. Finally, generalizations of the Dirac-Konstant and Klein-Gordonlike equations relevant to the physics of D-branes and Matrix Models are presented. ...

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ABSTRACT – Purpose of The Disclosure Project Briefing Document This briefing document was written to provide an overview of a public disclosure of the very complex UFO/ET (Unidentified Flying Object/ExtraTerrestrial) subject and provide background materials and references for individuals to start their own research. This subject is inherently overwhelming as it touches on broad and profound implications for the future of mankind on our planet from both an intellectual and a technological perspective. We have provided recommended actions for different stakeholders(including the press, the public, congress, the military, the scientific establishment,the president of the US, and the members of the UFO/ET control groups). These recommendations should help smooth the disclosure process, making this issue the subject of open and informed discussion, both within our government and the public sectors. The background materials include the following types of information: 1) Summaries of video taped testimony of military, government and private first-hand witnesses to UFO/ET events. 2) A series of position papers describing the background his...

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A book on the contrasts between the eastern Asian culture versus the western culture on topics such as education, medicine, science, and politics.

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Is oriental culture a kind of science? There lies a crucial difference in that Western science seeks the exterior solutions outside the heart. However, our ancient sages illustrated that humans are an integral part of the universe, and all the phenomena never skip out of the heart. And very fortunately, many wise men did succeed in cultivating their hearts to testify to the profound truth. So our Eastern classics focus on our inner cultivation. However people, including the overwhelming majority of the Chinese, would regard such education as being an extra (to life or science). Please contact the corresponding Taiwan or Singapore websites, where there are plenty of English versions of texts and videos of Buddhism, to request the standard translation. “What is Dao (Tao)? It is the natural principle all over the universe, the natural order, the essentiality of nature. The great universe has its order and rule, where the education of ancient sages roots. Education stems from here, and a human being has to obey the natural principle –Dao. In our Chinese notion of the integral of humans and nature; heaven, earth and human are...

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On the Cultural Contrast: East-West, preface by F. Liu .……………………………….4 Abstract by the Translator to the Chinese Translation of Neutrosophics………………12 Preface by the Translator to the Chinese Translation of Neutrosophics………………13 Biography of the Translator…………………………………………………………….18 Publication Review by F. Liu…………………………………………………………22 Annotation in the Chinese Translation of Neutrosophics………………………………27 Neutrosophic Dialogues………………………………………………………………51 Absolute Truth……………………………………………………………………………68 Science, Destiny, and Buddhism……………………………………………………….…79 Call for Papers…………………………………………………………………………….94 Neutrosophy and Dialectic, postface by Anthony Mansueto.…………………………….95...

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The present book covers a wide-range of issues from alternative hadron models to their likely implications in New Energy research, including alternative interpretation of low energy reaction (coldfusion) phenomena. While some of these discussions may be found a bit too theoretical, our view is that once these phenomena can be put into rigorous theoretical framework, thereafter more 'openminded' physicists may be more ready to consider these New Energy methods more seriously. Our basic proposition in the present book is that considering these new theoretical insights, one can expect there are new methods to generate New Energy technologies which are clearly within reach of human knowledge in the coming years....

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In the preceding article we argue that biquaternionic extension of Klein-Gordon equation has numerical solution with sinusoidal form, which differs appreciably from conventional Yukawa potential. In the present article we interpret and compare this result from the viewpoint of EQPET/TSC model described by Takahashi. Further observation is of course recommended in order to refute or verify this proposition....

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Peer-reviewers ii Abstract iii Preface by D. Rapoport iv Contents vi Foreword viii Prologue: Socio-economic impact of New Energy technologies xi Contributors to this volume xiv Short biography of Contributors xv Free energy and Topological Geometrodynamics 1. Nuclear string hypothesis – M. Pitkanen 1 2. The notion of free-energy and many-sheeted Space-Time concept – M. Pitkanen 44 3. Prediction and calculation of New Energy development – Fu Yuhua 111 4. Some unsolved problems in the physics of elementary particle – V. Christianto & F. Smarandache (PiP, vol. 3 no. 4, 2007) 127 5. About some unsolved problems in physics – M. Pitkanen 132 Beyond Standard Model, Unmatter and Yang-Mills Field 6. Bifurcations and pattern formation in particle physics: an introductory study – E. Goldfain (submitted to APS conference, 2008) 151 7. Dynamics of Neutrino oscillations and the Cosmological constant problem – E. Goldfain 168 8. Fractional dynamics and the Standard Model of Elementary particles – E. Goldfain (Comm. In Nonlin. Science and Numerical. Simulation, 2007) 176 9. A new possible form of Matter, Unmatter – formed by parti...

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For most of the 20th century, both relativity and star travel fascinated this writer. The reasons Albert Einstein concluded there is an absolute barrier at the speed of light seemed at first clear, then later not so clear upon closer examination. "The speed of light relative to what?" I often asked anyone who would listen. The common response was, "Light needs no specification of that kind; its speed is the same no matter who measures it." "That's true." I would respond; "That's just the second postulate of special relativity which is not in doubt; but that postulate applies to light, and we're talking about rocketships here." However it seemed that no one understood what I was saying. By referring to the universal constant c= 299.792 458 megameters per second as "the speed of light," we paint ourselves into a logical corner in which light is automatically taken as the subject of discussion even when it is not. The careful reader will know not to immediately think "light" when he hears or reads "the speed of light." But it is better to have a neutral name for that universal constant. It has been called the Lorentz speed; Ignaz...

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One's reach should exceed one's grasp. Thus we reach for Alpha Centauri with a round-trip manned and womanned mission as the proposed overarching goal under a clear plan of exploration - a grand experiment described in later chapters. Whether or not we succeed in grasping the goal under this or under any plan is not as important as it is to set a definite plan and work towards its goal. The plan outlined here is in two phases: Phase one has a high probability of success, given the required propulsion system; the chances of phase two working will be indicated by results obtained from phase one. A fundamental problem is the one of propulsion. It is important to the working of this plan, a highly optimistic one, that the engine be capable of a sustained acceleration of ¼ G in phase one and 1G in phase two. (1G = 9.80665 m/s2) Such an engine is within the reach of present ideas....

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Prefaces. 6 -- Ch.1. Introduction . 11 -- Ch.2. The Human Barrier. 14 -- Ch.3. An Overview. 18 -- Ch.4. Acceleration Due to Light Pressure. 21 -- Ch.5. Light Sailing is Not All There Is. 27 -- Ch.6. Einstein's Light Barrier. 32 -- Ch.7. The Phase One Experiment: The First Starship. 37 -- Ch.8. The Phase Two Experiment: Alpha Centauri or Bust!. 45 -- Ch.9. Voyage to the Center of the Galaxy. 50 -- Ch.10. An Hypothesis: There is no Speed Barrier in the Universe. 52 --...

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Research papers presented in this collection manifest only a few of many possible applications of neutrosophic logics to theoretical physics. Most of these applications target the theory of relativity and quantum physics, but other sections of physics are also possible to be considered....

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We apply the S-denying procedure to signature conditions in a four-dimensional pseudo-Riemannian space — i. e. we change one (or even all) of the conditions to be partially true and partially false. We obtain five kinds of expanded space-time for General Relativity. Kind I permits the space-time to be in collapse. Kind II permits the space-time to change its own signature. Kind III has peculiarities, linked to the third signature condition. Kind IV permits regions where the metric fully degenerates: there may be non-quantum teleportation, and a home for virtual photons. Kind V is common for kinds I, II, III, and IV....

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Preface, by Dmitri Rabounski ............................5 General Relativity, Gravitation, and Cosmology................6 S-Denying of the Signature Conditions Expands General Relativity’s Space, by Dmitri Rabounski, Florentin Smarandache, Larissa Borissova, Progress in Physics, 13-19, Vol. 3, 2006.......7 Positive, Neutral, and Negative Mass-Charges in General Relativity, by Larissa Borissova and Florentin Smarandache, Progress in Physics, 51-54, Vol. 3, 2006. .............14 Extension of the Big Bang Theory, by Florentin Smarandache, Bulletin of Pure and Applied Sciences, 139-140, Vol. 23D, No. 2, 2004. .....................18 What Gravity Is. Some Recent Considerations, by Vic Christianto and Florentin Smarandache, Progress in Physics, 63-67, Vol. 3, 2008. .......................20 A Few Remarks on the Length of Day: A Cosmological Perspective, by Vic Christianto, Matti Pitkaneny, and Florentin Smarandache, Progress in Physics, L3-L4, Vol. 1, 2009............25 Quantum Physics and Statistics .......................27 A Note on Unified Statistics Including Fermi-Dirac, Bose-Einstein, and Tsallis Statistic...

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This book was intended to discuss some paradoxes in Quantum Mechanics from the viewpoint of Multi-Valued-logic pioneered by Lukasiewicz, and a recent concept Neutrosophic Logic. Essentially, this new concept offers new insights on the idea of ‘identity’, which too often it has been accepted as given....

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2 Lukasiewicz Multi-Valued-logic: History and Introduction to Multi- Valued Algebra 2.1 Introduction to trivalent logic and plurivalent logic We all have heard of typical binary logic, Yes or No. Or in a famous phrase by Shakespeare: “To be or not to be.” In the same way all computer hardwares from early sixties up to this year are built upon the same binary logic. It is known that the Classical Logic, also called Bivalent Logic for taking only two values {0, 1}, or Boolean Logic from British mathematician George Boole (1815-64), was named by the philosopher Quine (1981) “sweet simplicity.” [57] But this typical binary logic is not without problems. In the light of aforementioned ‘garment analogue’, we can compare this binary logic with a classic black-and-white tuxedo. It is timeless design, but of course you will not wear it for all occasions. Aristotle himself apparently knew this problem; therefore he introduced new terms ‘contingency’ and ‘possibility’ into his modal logic [5]. And then American logician Lewis first formulated these concepts of logical modality. ...

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Contents Foreword 6 1 Introduction: Paradoxes, Lukasiewicz, Multi-Valued logic 7 2 Lukasiewicz Multi-Valued Logic: History and Introduction to Multi-Valued Algebra 10 2.1. Introduction to trivalent logic and plurivalent logic 10 2.2. History of Lukasiewicz and Multi-Valued Logic 12 2.3. Introduction to Multi-Valued Algebra, Chang’s Notation 15 2.4. Linkage between Multi-Valued Logic and Quantum Mechanics 15 2.5. Exercise 17 3 Neutrosophy 25 3.1. Introduction to Neutrosophy 25 3.2. Introduction to Non-Standard Analysis 26 3.3. Definition of Neutrosophic Components 27 3.4. Formalization 28 3.5. Evolution of an Idea 30 3.6. Definition of Neutrosophic Logic 31 3.7. Differences between Neutrosophic Logic and IFL 32 3.8. Operations with Sets 33 3.9. Generalizations 34 4 Schrödinger Equation 39 4.1. Introduction 39 4.2. Quantum wave dynamics and classical dynamical system 43 4.3. A new derivation of Schrödinger-type Equation 45 5 Solution to Schrödinger’s Cat Paradox 47 5.1. Standard interpretation 47 5.2. Schrödinger’s Cat Paradox 48 5.3. Hidden-variable hypothesis 50 5.4. Hydrodynamic viewpoint and diffusion i...

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Progress and development in our knowledge of the structure, form and function of the Universe, in the true sense of the word, its beauty and power, and its timeless presence and mystery, before which even the greatest intellect is awed and humbled, can spring forth only from an unshackled mind combined with a willingness to imagine beyond the boundaries imposed by that ossified authority by which science inevitably becomes, as history teaches us, barren and decrepit. Revealing the secrets of Nature, so that we truly see ‘the sunlit plains extended, and at night the wondrous glory of the everlasting stars’*, requires far more than mere technical ability and mechanical dexterity learnt from books and consensus. The dustbin of scientific history is replete with discredited consensus and the grand reputations of erudite reactionaries. Only by boldly asking questions, fearlessly, despite opposition, and searching for answers where most have not looked for want of courage and independence of thought, can one hope to discover for one’s self. From nothing else can creativity blossom and grow, and without which the garden of science can o...

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After the experiments were completed, the life span of such “atoms” was calculated theoretically in Chapiro’s works [61,62,63]. His main idea was that nuclear forces, acting between nucleon and anti-nucleon, can keep them far away from each other, hindering their annihilation. For instance, a proton and anti-proton are located at the opposite side of the same orbit and move around the orbit’s centre. If the diameter of their orbit is much larger than the diameter of the “annihilation area”, they can be kept from annihilation (see fig. 3). But because the orbit, according to Quantum Mechanics, is an actual cloud spreading far around the average radius, at any radius between the proton and the anti-proton there is a probability that they can meet one another at the annihilation distance. Therefore the nucleon---anti-nucleon system annihilates in any case, as this system is unstable by definition having a life span no more than 10-20 sec....

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Contents Preface 5 Foreword 6 1 Unsolved Problems in Theoretical Physics 8 1.1. Problems related to elementary particles 8 1.2. Problems related to Unmatter 11 1.3 Some unresolved problems, questions and applications of the Brightsen nucleon cluster model 21 2 Unsolved Problems in Mathematics 24 2.1. Maximum number of circles 25 2.2. Consecutive sequence 25 2.3. Diophantine equation 25 2.4. Van Der Waerden Theorem 26 2.5. Differential equation with fractional power 26 2.6. Representation of odd number with prime 26 2.7. Magic square problem 27 2.8. Palindromic number and iteration 27 2.9. Non-Euclidean geometry by giving up its fifth postulate 28 2.10. Smarandache Geometry and Degree of Negation in Geometries 28 2.11. Non-Archimedean triangle theorem 33 2.12. The cubic Diophantine equation 33 2.13. Multispaces and applications in physics 34 3 Unsolved Problems in Astrophysics 35 3.1. Unsolved problems in Celestial Mechanics 35 3.2. Unsolved problems in Astrophysics 37 4 Unsolved Problems in Geophysics 45 4.1. Introduction 45 4.2. Some new questions 45 5 Unsolved Problems in Sorites Quantum Paradox and Sm...

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This book is devoted to an emerging branch of Information Fusion based on new approach for modeling the fusion problematic when the information provided by the sources is both uncertain and (highly) conflicting. This approach, known in literature as DSmT (standing for Dezert-Smarandache Theory), proposes new useful rules of combinations. We gathered in this volume a presentation of DSmT from the beginning to the latest development. Part 1 of this book presents the current state-of-the-art on theoretical investigations while Part 2 presents several applications of this new theory. We hope that this first book on DSmT will stir up some interests to researchers and engineers working in data fusion and in artificial intelligence. Many simple but didactic examples are proposed throughout the book. As a young emerging theory, DSmT is probably not exempt from improvements and its development will continue to evolve over the years. We just want through this book to propose a new look at the Information Fusion problematic and open a new track to attack the combination of information....

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Preamble xi Prefaces xiii I Advances on DSmT 1 1 Presentation of DSmT 3 1.1 Introduction . . . . . 3 1.2 Short introduction to the DST . . . . 5 1.2.1 Shafer’s model and belief functions . . . 5 1.2.2 Dempster’s rule of combination . . . 5 1.2.3 Alternatives to Dempster’s rule of combination . . . 6 1.2.4 The discounting of sources of evidence . . . 10 1.3 Foundations of the DSmT . . . . 11 1.3.1 Notion of free and hybrid DSm models . . . 11 1.3.2 Notion of hyper-power set D_ . . . 13 1.3.3 Generalized belief functions . . . . 15 1.3.4 The classic DSm rule of combination . . . 16 1.3.5 The hybrid DSm rule of combination . . . 17 1.3.6 On the refinement of the frames . . . 18 1.3.7 On the combination of sources over different frames . . . 20 1.4 Comparison of different rules of combinations . . . 21 1.4.1 First example . . . . . 21 1.4.2 Second example . . . . 25 1.4.3 Third example . . . . 26 1.4.4 Fourth example . . . . 27 1.4.5 Fifth example . . . . . 27 1.5 Summary . . . . . 29 1.6 References . . . . . 31 2 The generation of hyper-power sets 37 2.1 Introduction . . . . . 37 2.2 Definition of hyper-po...

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Etymologically, aphorism + floral = aph(L)orism, which is a short reflection written on a floral design, or a short poetry accompanied by an artistic background. They are colorful contemplations. Maximus in minimis (Lat.) means very much in very little [max in min], or condensed thought, or ideating essence. They are actually maxims, adages, sayings mostly in one line (uni-stich) with a title, as a metaphoric statement, a breathing momentum that oils our soul....

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Nonchalantly : The wind with its mantle steps lightly. Skin Condition : The Sun has spots too. At what time? When it rains, God cries. Atmosphere : Blue, as the sky dirtied by clouds. Bright : A balcony full of Sun. Natural disaster : The swans look drunk on the fetid lake. Surprisingly : The crow is a beautiful black. Elegant woman : A bird high on her legs. Most powerful chess piece : You are a queen but only in the dark. Medicinal plant : You’re a flower but amongst weeds. Force that attracts food : The stomach’s gravitation pulls me to food....

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Passion.......................................................................23 Worthless.....................................................................23 Tired of you....................................................................23 Tittle-tattle....................................................................23 Talk is cheep...................................................................24 Give the man what he doesn’t have.................................................24 Novel for (non) writers...........................................................24 Desolate......................................................................24 Did I have the pleasure...........................................................24 Sloppy work....................................................................25 Despicable.....................................................................25 Wanted.......................................................................25 Talking in vain..................................................................25 Use caplets.....................................................

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The fourth volume, in my book series of “Collected Papers”, includes 100 published and unpublished articles, notes, (preliminary) drafts containing just ideas to be further investigated, scientific souvenirs, scientific blogs, project proposals, small experiments, solved and unsolved problems and conjectures, updated or alternative versions of previous papers, short or long humanistic essays, letters to the editors...

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This short technical paper advocates a bootstrapping algorithm from which we can form a statistically reliable opinion based on limited clinically observed data, regarding whether an osteo-hyperplasia could actually be a case of Ewing’s osteosarcoma. The basic premise underlying our methodology is that a primary bone tumour, if it is indeed Ewing’s osteosarcoma, cannot increase in volume beyond some critical limit without showing metastasis. We propose a statistical method to extrapolate such critical limit to primary tumour volume. Our model does not involve any physiological variables but rather is entirely based on time series observations of increase in primary tumour volume from the point of initial detection to the actual detection of metastases....

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Collected Eclectic Ideas - preface by the author.............................3 Contents....................................................6 ASTRONOMY..................................14 1. First Lunar Space Base, project proposal, by V. Christianto, Florentin Smarandache..15 2. On Recent Discovery of New Planetoids in the Solar System and Quantization of Celestial System, by V. Christianto, F. Smarandache..................28 3. Open and Solved Elementary Questions in Astronomy, by Florentin Smarandache.. 36 BIOLOGY......................................40 4. Statistical Modeling of Primary Ewing Tumors of the Bone, by Sreepurna Malakar, Florentin Smarandache, Sukanto Bhattacharya, in in , Vol. 3, No. JJ05, 81-88, 2005................41 CALCULUS....................................53 5. A Triple Inequality with Series and Improper Integrals, by Florentin Smarandache, in Bulletin of Pure and Applied Sciences, Vol. 25E, No. 1, 215-217, 2006.........54 6. Immediate Calculation of Some Poisson Type Integrals Using SuperMathematics Circular Ex-Centric Functions, by Florentin Smarandache & Mircea Eugen................................

Description Details
The fourth volume, in my book series of “Collected Papers”, includes 100 published and unpublished articles, notes, (preliminary) drafts containing just ideas to be further investigated, scientific souvenirs, scientific blogs, project proposals, small experiments, solved and unsolved problems and conjectures, updated or alternative versions of previous papers, short or long humanistic essays, letters to the editors...

Excerpt Details
This short technical paper advocates a bootstrapping algorithm from which we can form a statistically reliable opinion based on limited clinically observed data, regarding whether an osteo-hyperplasia could actually be a case of Ewing’s osteosarcoma. The basic premise underlying our methodology is that a primary bone tumour, if it is indeed Ewing’s osteosarcoma, cannot increase in volume beyond some critical limit without showing metastasis. We propose a statistical method to extrapolate such critical limit to primary tumour volume. Our model does not involve any physiological variables but rather is entirely based on time series observations of increase in primary tumour volume from the point of initial detection to the actual detection of metastases....

Table of Contents Details
Collected Eclectic Ideas - preface by the author.............................3 Contents....................................................6 ASTRONOMY..................................14 1. First Lunar Space Base, project proposal, by V. Christianto, Florentin Smarandache..15 2. On Recent Discovery of New Planetoids in the Solar System and Quantization of Celestial System, by V. Christianto, F. Smarandache..................28 3. Open and Solved Elementary Questions in Astronomy, by Florentin Smarandache.. 36 BIOLOGY......................................40 4. Statistical Modeling of Primary Ewing Tumors of the Bone, by Sreepurna Malakar, Florentin Smarandache, Sukanto Bhattacharya, in in , Vol. 3, No. JJ05, 81-88, 2005................41 CALCULUS....................................53 5. A Triple Inequality with Series and Improper Integrals, by Florentin Smarandache, in Bulletin of Pure and Applied Sciences, Vol. 25E, No. 1, 215-217, 2006.........54 6. Immediate Calculation of Some Poisson Type Integrals Using SuperMathematics Circular Ex-Centric Functions, by Florentin Smarandache & Mircea Eugen................................