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A collection ot papers concerninq Smarandache type functions, numbers, sequences, inteqer alqoritbms, paradoxes, experimental qeometries, alqebraic structures, neutrosophic probability, set, and loqic, etc. is published this year....

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Although Lieh Tzu's work has evidently passed through the hands of many editors and gathered numerous accretions, there remains a considerable nucleus which in all probability was committed to writing by Lieh Tzu's immediate disciples, and is therefore older than the genuine parts of Chuang Tzu. There are some obvious analogies between the two authors, and indeed a certain amount of matter common to both; but on the whole Lieh Tzu's book bears an unmistakable impress of its own. The geniality of its tone contrasts with the somewhat hard brilliancy of Chuang Tzu, and a certain kindly sympathy with the aged, the poor and the humble of this life, not excluding the brute creation, makes itself felt throughout. - From Lionel Giles Introduction...

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History, Literature

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This book, published in two volumes called books by the author, is a treatment of everything from the origin of our ideas to how they are to be divided. It includes important statements of Scepticism and Hume's experimental method. Part 1 deals with the nature of ideas. Part 2 deals with the ideas of space and time. Part 3 deals with knowledge and probability. Part 4 deals with skeptical and other systems of philosophy, including a discussion of the soul and personal identity. This is a recording of Volume I (or Book 1). Volume II (which contains Books 2 and 3) is in production at the moment....

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Philosophy

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It was known to me his setting up in 1980’s of a new literary and artistic avant-garde movement that he called “paradoxism”, because I received some books and papers dealing with it in order to review them for the German journal “Zentralblatt fár Mathematik”. It was an inspired connection he made between literature/arts and science, philosophy....

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Paradoxism is an avant-garde movement in literature, art, philosophy, science, based on excessive used of antitheses, antinomies, contradictions, parables, odds, paradoxes in creations....

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A line of thought explored herein is the correspondence between cosmological phenomena and condensed matter physics, and therefore we can think that the quantization of orbit distances can be caused by superfluid helium quantization. This issue is explored by F. Smarandache and V. Christianto. Moreover, F. Smarandache also discusses possible new era of research that is pertaining to superluminal physics and instantaneous physics. Ion Patrascu and D. Rabounski discuss superluminality from their perspectives. And M. Pereira discusses his Hypergeometrical Universe model....

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Preface III Contents IV Planetary orbits in Solar and Extrasolar systems (A. Rubcic & J. Rubcic) Fizika A, 19 no.3, 2010...................1 Areal velocities of planets and their comparison (P. Pintr, V. Per\inova% , A. Luks\) unpubl. 2011...................15 Distribution of distances in solar system (P. Pintr, V. Perinova , A. Luks) Chaos , Soliton, Fractals 2007...................27 New cosmological model of universe and possible quantization of the Hubble parameter (P.Pintr) unpublished paper, Dec. 2011...................39 Do we really understand the solar system? (M. Pitkanen) Nov. 27th 2011...................50 Inflation and TGD (M. Pitkanen) Dec. 10th 2011...................70 QCD and TGD (M. Pitkanen) Dec. 19th 2011...................78 Quantum arithmetics and the relationship between real and p-adic physics (M. Pitkanen) Dec. 12th 2011...................94 A blind pilot: who is super-luminal observer? (D. Rabounski) Progress in Physics Vol.2, 2008................126 Scientist deduced the existence of particles with faster-than-light speeds recently discovered by CERN. (I. Patrascu) Progress in Physics Vol.4, 20...

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These ideas were either collected or inspired from author's various lectures of books, journals, newspapers, tv and radio shows, personal conversations. I started to write down such ideas since I was a high school student and continue even today - I always bear with me a small pen and small notebook where I write in the plane, or driving my car, or even in class room. Despite three decades of postponement, I hope this booklet will keep on inspiring the reader, as good ideas will always be worth to ponder....

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• Be competitive; • Don’t be panic, when under pressure; • Use probabilities (how much % you’re expected to produce); • Infiltrate in certain organizations; • To have power of influence; • Charm those who interact with you; • Be firm and fast in decisions; • To make a plan for a long period of time and subdivide it in smaller sub-plans for short periods of time...

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PREFACE ........................................ 3 CONTENTS......................................... 5 LIFE STRATEGIES 1. Best Tips for Life ...................................................... 6 2. Life Strategies in General Science..........................8 3. Life Strategies in Mathematics..............................11 4. Life Strategies in Medical Science .......................23 5. Life Strategies in Workplace & Social Life........28 6. Life Strategies in Personal Life .............................34 7. Life Strategies in General Arts .............................41 Appendix: Miscellaneous App.1. FS........................................ 54 App.2.American writing..............................................55 App3.The International Phonetic Alphabet.............67...

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科学面临的难题 _ 中智学为何诞生 中智学(neutrosophy)起源于1995年美国, 它站在东西文化交融的立场上, 从对立统一的角度探索从科学技术到文学艺术的一切宏观及微观结构, 构造超越一切学科、超越自然科学与社会科学界限的统一场, 以解决当今认知科学、信息科学、系统科学、经济学、量子力学等科学技术前沿难题——非确定性问题。中智学努力通过新型开放模式改造当今各自然科 与社会科学, 实现它们的新陈代谢、改革创新和更新换代。中智学在我们中国还属空白, 故借 对学科正式命名并引入中国。...

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中智学, 新的哲学分支 _(Neutrosophy - A New Branch of Philosophy) 摘要: 本文推出了一个新的哲学分支, 中智学 _(neutrosphy), 研究中性的起源、本质和范畴以及和不同思想观念的作用。它的基本点是: 任何观念具有T%的真实性、I%的不确定性以及 的谬误性, 其中T, I, F为╟-0, 1+╢的标准或非标准子集。 _基本理论:任何观念 _ 趋于被 _ 所中和、削弱和平衡 _(不仅仅是被黑格尔主 的), 达到一种平衡状态。 中智学是中智逻辑学 _(在模糊逻辑的基础上总结出来的多值逻辑)、中智集合论 _(模糊 合论的概括总结)、中智概率论和中智统计学 _(分别是经典及非精确概率论、统计学的概括 结) 的基础。 _ 关键字与短语: 非标准分析, 超实数, 无穷小, 单子, 非标准实数单位区间, 集合运算。 _...

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译者序 _Preface by the Translator ........................................5 作者简介 _Author’s Biography ..........................................9 译者简介 _Biography of the Translator.................................12 原书前言 _查尔斯·李 _.....................................................19 Preface by Charles T. Le 0．引言: 非标准实数单位区间 _.......................................24 Introduction: The Non-Standard Real Unit Interval 1．中智学——哲学的崭新分支 _.......................................27 Neutrosophy - a new branch of philosophy 2．中智逻辑——逻辑学的统一 _........................................90 Neutrosophic Logic - a unifying field in logics 3．中智集合论——集合论的统一 _....................................109 Neutrosophic Set - a unifying field in sets 4．中智概率论 _..........................................................113 ——传统概率论和非精确概率论的概括总结 _ ——以及中智统计学 _ Neutrosophic Probability - a generalization of classical and imprecise probabilities - and Neutrosophic Statistics 附录: 中智学产生的定义 _..............................................117 Addenda: Definitions derived from Neutrosophics...

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1. 科学面临的难题 中智学为何诞生 中智学(neutrosophy)起源于1995年美国, 它站在东西文化交融的立场上, 从对立统一的角度探索从科学技术到文学 艺术的一切宏观及微观结构, 构造超越一切学科、超越自然科学与社会科学界限的统一场, 以 决当今认知科学、信息 科学、系统科学、经济学、量子力学等科学技术前沿难题——非确定性问题。中智学努力通 新型开放模式改造当今 各自然科学与社会科学, 实现它们的新陈代谢、改革创新和更新换代。中智学在我们中国还 空白, 故借此对学科正式 命名并引入中国。...

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中智学, 新的哲学分支(Neutrosophy - A New Branch of Philosophy) 摘要: 本文推出了一个新的哲学分支, 中智学 (neutrosphy), 研究中性的起源、本质和范畴以及和不同思想观念的 作用。它的基本点是: 任何观念具有T%的真实性、I%的不确定性以及 F%的谬误性, 其中T, I, F 为╟-0, 1+╢的标准或 非标准子集。 基本理论:任何观念 趋于被 所中和、削弱和平衡 (不仅仅是被黑格尔主张的), 达到一种 平衡状态。 中智学是中智逻辑学 (在模糊逻辑的基础上总结出来的多值逻辑)、中智集合论 (模糊集合论的概括总结)、中智概 率论和中智统计学 (分别是经典及非精确概率论、统计学的概括总结) 的基础。 关键字与短语: 非标准分析, 超实数, 无穷小, 单子, 非标准实数单位区间, 集合运算。...

Table of Contents Details
译者序 Preface by the Translator ..................................5 作者简介 Author’s Biography ..............................9 译者简介 Biography of the Translator...........................12 原书前言 查尔斯·李 ............................................18 Preface by Charles T. Le 0．引言: 非标准实数单位区间 ..............................23 Introduction: The Non-Standard Real Unit Interval 1．中智学——哲学的崭新分支 ..............................26 Neutrosophy - a new branch of philosophy 2．中智逻辑——逻辑学的统一 ...............................83 Neutrosophic Logic - a unifying field in logics 3．中智集合论——集合论的统一 ..............................100 Neutrosophic Set - a unifying field in sets 4．中智概率论 ...........................................103 ——传统概率论和非精确概率论的概括总结 ——以及中智统计学 Neutrosophic Probability - a generalization of classical and imprecise probabilities - and Neutrosophic Statistics 附录: 中智学产生的定义 ..................................106 Addenda: Definitions derived from Neutrosophics...

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A collection of papers concerning Smarandache type functions, numbers, sequences, integer algorithms, paradoxes, experimental geometries, algebraic structures, neutrosophic probability, set, and logic, etc. is published this year....

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This document will describe the current status on the search for factors of Smaranda.che consecutive numbers and their reverse. A complete list up to index 200 will be given, with all known factors. Smarandache numbers are the concatenation of the natural numbers from one up to the given index, and reverse Smaranda.che numbers are the concatenation of the natural numbers from the given index dO\vIJ. to 1....

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A collection of papers concerning smarandache type functions, numbers, sequences, integer algorithms, paradoxes, experimental geometries, algebraic structures, neutrosophic probability, set, and logic, etc. is published this year....

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A collection of papers concerning Smarandache type functions, numbers, sequences, integer algorithms, paradoxes, experimental geometries, algebraic structures, neutrosophic probability, set, and logic, etc. is published this year....

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As an alternative to the existing logics we propose the Neutrosophic Logic to represent a mathematical model of uncertainty, vagueness, ambiguity, imprecision, undefined, unknown, incompleteness, inconsistency, redundancy, contradiction. It is a non-classical logic. Eksioglu (1999) explains some of them: “Imprecision of the human systems is due to the imperfection of knowledge that humain receives (observation) from the external world. Imperfection leads to a doubt about the value of a variable, a decision to be taken or a conclusion to be drawn for the actual system. The sources of uncertainty can be stochasticity (the case of intrinsic imperfection where a typical and single value does not exist), incomplete knowledge (ignorance of the totality, limited view on a system because of its complexity) or the acquisition errors (intrinsically imperfect observations, the quantitative errors in measures).”...

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Why after thirty years, should Beckwith’s Hawaiian Mythology be reprinted? Why, for the last twenty-five years, have scholars and amateurs alike sought for either new or used copies of this book which has become a rarity? To begin with, it was the first, and is still the only, scholarly work which charts a pathway through the hundreds of books and articles, many of them obscure and scarce, and through the little-known manuscripts that record the orally transmitted myths, legends, traditions, folktales, and romances of the Hawaiian people. Beckwith herself saw it as a “guide to the native mythology of Hawaii” (p. xxxi), and by mythology she meant “the whole range of story-telling” (p.2). Secondly, from the vantage point of Hawaiian oral narrative the book directs the reader into similar material from peoples elsewhere in Polynesia who are closely related to the Hawaiians, reminding him of relevant narratives from areas west of Polynesia and occasionally even east of Hawaii. The southern Pacific comparison Beckwith offers as “an important link in tracing routes of intercourse during the period of migration of related Polynesian groups...

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This guide to the native mythology of Hawaii has grown out of a childhood and youth spent within sound of the hula drum at the foot of the domelike House of the Sun on the windy island of Maui. There, wandering along its rocky coast and sandy beaches, exploring its windward gorges, riding above the cliffs by moonlight when the surf was high or into the deep forests at midday, we were aware always of a life just out of reach of us latecomers but lived intensely by the kindly, generous race who had chanced so many centuries ago upon its shores. Not before 1914 did the actual shaping of the work begin. The study covers, as any old Hawaiian will discover, less than half the story, but it may serve to start specific answers to the problems here raised and to distinguish the molding forces which have entered into the recasting of such traditional story-telling as has survived the first hundred years of foreign contact. To the general student of mythology the number and length of proper names in an unfamiliar tongue may seem confusing. Hawaiian proper names are rarely made up of a single word but rather form a series of words recalling s...

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Introduction. vii -- Preface. xxxi -- Coming of the Gods. 1 -- Ku Gods. 12 -- The God Lono. 31 -- The Kane Worship. 42 -- Kane and Kanaloa. 60 -- Mythical Lands of the Gods. 67 -- Lesser Gods. 81 -- Sorcery Gods. 105 -- Guardian Gods. 122 -- The Soul after Death. 144 -- The Pele Myth. 167 -- The Pele Sisters. 180 -- Pele Legends. 190 -- Kamapua?a. 201 -- Hina Myths. 214 -- Maui the Trickster. 226 -- Aikanaka-Kaha?i Cycle. 238 -- Wahieloa-Laka Cycle. 259 -- Haumea. 276 -- . Papa and Wakea. 293 -- Genealogies. 307 -- Era of Overturning . 314 -- Mu and Menehune People. 321 -- Runners, Man-Eaters, Dog-Men. 337 -- Hawaiian Mythology - The Moikeha-La?a Migration. 352 -- Hawaiiloa and Paao Migrations. 363 -- Ruling Chiefs. 376 -- Usurping Chiefs. 387 -- Kupua Stories. 403 -- Trickster Stories. 430 -- Voyage to the Land of the Gods. 448 -- Riddling Contests. 455 -- The Kana Legend. 464 -- The Stretching-Tree Kupua. 478 -- Romance of the Swimmer. 489 -- Romance of the Island of Virgins. 498 -- Romances of Match-Making. 506 -- Romances of the Dance. 519 -- Wooing Romances. 526 -- References. 545 -- Index. 555 --...

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The question is, will we ever know if there are objects outside of the detectable universe radiating in wave length longer than CBR? We only measure the universe with visual radiations. Doesn't it seem that the age of the universe is determined by the size of our telescope? Nevertheless, there are activities of elementary particles which can not be detected by us? Isn't' it impossible to picture how far some active objects, say neutrinos, can be other than infinite. ...

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Suppose we have perfect telescope that is limitless in range; And, we don't see anything when we look pass all objects; Can we say we have reached the edge of the Space or Universe? Or, there is infinity beyond Space? ...

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1 Introduction 1 2 Probability Function of Doppler Effect 3 NED’s Redshift Survey Database 4 Estimate Age of The Universe Based On NED Database 5 Cosmic Background Radiation 6 Can We Really Tell The Size & Age of The Universe? 7 Appendix II: Accumulated Probability Distribution References...

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Proves mathematically that the Doppler blueshift is terminal event and Doppler redshift is dominating by natural. However, radiation redshift is not only the result of Doppler effect but also the quality loss of radiation over vast distance. An observer is surrounded by radiations of all frequencies, much like a background noise of light, sound and smell of a city. CBR will show redshift as visible radiations. Nevertheless, not the indication of growing universe....

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The dominating and exponential natures of radiation redshift do not suggest the acceleratingly physical departure of all astronomical objects; and, neither inflation nor a common origin. Universe will continue as is, no extra matter and energy needed. Otherwise, besides the demand of run-away energy; the interactions among energy, matter, run-away energy, run-away matter, and acceleratingly expanding the space to carry objects away can only lead to run-away interpretations....

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1 Introduction 2 Creation of Doppler Effect 2.1 Limited Range of Doppler Blueshift 2.2 Mathematical Model of Blueshift Detection in Space 2.3 Probability Function of Blueshift Detection 2.4 Probability Distribution of Blueshift Detection 2.5 Underlying Conditions 2.6 Cross-Check with Redshift Survey 2.7 Probability Function in Surface Observation 2.8 Probability Function in Linear Observation 2.9 Probability Function Comparison 2.10 Properties of Doppler Effect 2.10.1 Properties of Doppler Blueshift 2.10.2 Properties of Doppler Redshift 3 Observer and the Environment 3.1 Doppler Effect of Rotating Observer 3.2 Environment Conditions 3.3 Heliosphere of The Solar System 3.4 Cross Radiations in Space 3.5 Sky In A Box 4 Lost in Translation 5 Cosmic Background Radiation 6 Conclusion 7 Appendixes 7.1 Paradox of Space Expansion 7.2 Real Life Analogy of Inertia in Expanding Space 7.3 Paradox of Redshift and Expanding Space 7.3.1 Real Life Analogy of Radiation Trap 7.4 Paradox of Constant Pulsating Quasars in Expanding Space 7.5 Mind-Bending Questions 7.6 Can We Really Tell The Size & Age of The Universe? 7.7 A...

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Proves mathematically that the Doppler blueshift is terminal event and Doppler redshift is dominating by natural. However, radiation redshift is not only the result of Doppler effect but also the quality loss of radiation over vast distance. An observer is surrounded by radiations of all frequencies, much like a background noise of light, sound and smell of a city. CBR will show redshift as visible radiations. Nevertheless, not the indication of growing universe. ...

Excerpt Details
The dominating and exponential natures of radiation redshift do not suggest the acceleratingly physical departure of all astronomical objects; and, neither inflation nor a common origin. Universe will continue as is, no extra matter and energy needed. Otherwise, besides the demand of run-away energy; the interactions among energy, matter, run-away energy, run-away matter, and acceleratingly expanding the space to carry objects away can only lead to run-away interpretations....

Table of Contents Details
1 Introduction 1 2 Creation of Doppler Effect 2.1 Limited Range of Doppler Blueshift 2.2 Mathematical Model of Blueshift Detection in Space 2.3 Probability Function of Blueshift Detection 2.4 Probability Distribution of Blueshift Detection 2.5 Underlying Conditions 2.6 Cross-Check with Redshift Survey 2.7 Probability Function in Surface Observation 2.8 Probability Function in Linear Observation 2.9 Probability Function Comparison 2.10 Properties of Doppler Effect 2.10.1 Properties of Doppler Blueshift 2.10.2 Properties of Doppler Redshift 3 Observer and the Environment 3.1 Doppler Effect of Rotating Observer 3.2 Environment Conditions 3.3 Heliosphere of The Solar System 3.4 Cross Radiations in Space 3.5 Sky In A Box 4 Lost in Translation 5 Cosmic Background Radiation 55 6 Conclusion 58 7 Appendixes 7.1 Paradox of Space Expansion 7.2 Real Life Analogy of Inertia in Expanding Space 7.3 Paradox of Redshift and Expanding Space 7.3.1 Real Life Analogy of Radiation Trap 7.4 Paradox of Constant Pulsating Quasars in Expanding Space 7.5 Mind-Bending Questions 7.6 Can We Really Tell The Size & Age of The Univ...

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Papers concerning any of the Smarandache type functions, sequences, integer algorithms, paradoxes, Non-Euclidean geometries, conjectures, open problems, neutrosophic logic/set/probability, etc. have been selected for this volume. The...

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In 1854 Lorrin Andrews published his Hawaiian Grammar, a standard work for many years, and even today interesting to all students of the Hawaiian language. It is now out of print, howíever, and hence difficult to secure. In 1891 Prof. William D. Alexander published his “Short Synopsis of the Hawaiian Grammar,” an excellent work for all students of the language, but not sufficiently complete as a series of lessons for class-work. In 1930 Mrs. Mary Atcherly wrote “First Book in Hawaiian,” which was authorized by the Legislature of the Territory of Hawaii and handled by the Hawaiian Board Book Booms. In view of the increasing interest in the language of the Hawaiian, people, amounting to a renascence in Hawaiiana, it has been felt that a new work in the Hawaiian language, based on modern systems of instruction such as are used in teaching French, Spanish, Italian or German should be prepared for use in class-rooms throughout the islands and also for individual study. I am grateful to a group of persons interested in the promotion of this book, whose encouragement has meant much to the editor. And I am indebted to earlier works...

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Hawaiian is one branch of the Polynesian language. It may well be regarded as a dialect of the Polynesian, others being the Samoan, Tahitian, Marquesan, Tuamotuan, and Maori dialects chiefly. There is an affinity between these dialects, some being closer than others. The Maori, Tahitian and Tuamotuan are closer to the Hawaiian in vocabulary than is the Samoan to the Hawaiian. And yet there are many words in the Samoan dialect exactly the same as in Hawaiian. The original home of the Polynesians was in India in all probability, and after a long period of migration they found themselves in the Pacific Ocean area. It is most likely that Tahiti or Raiatea in the Society Islands was the point from which the original migration of the alii and kahuna to Hawaii took place almost a thousand years ago. There are records of various voyages between Tahiti and Hawaii; the names of these pioneers have been handed down from generation to generation....

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Papers concerning any of the Smarandache type functions, sequences, numbers, algorithms, inferior/superior f-parts, magic squares, palindromes, functional iterations, semantic paradoxes, Non-Euclidean geometries, manifolds, conjectures, open problems, algebraic structures, neutrosophy, neutrosophic logic/set/probability, hypothesis that there is no speed barrier in the universe} quantum paradoxes, etc. have been selected for this volume. Contributors are from Australia, China, England, Germany, India, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, Morocco, Portugal, Romania, Spain, USA. Most of the papers are in English, a few of them are in Spanish, Portuguese, or Gennan....

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In this book, we consider various many-valued logics: standard, linear, hyperbolic, parabolic, non-Archimedean, p -adic, interval, neutrosophic, etc. We survey also results which show the tree different proof-theoretic frameworks for many-valued logics, e.g. frameworks of the following deductive calculi: Hilbert ’s style, sequent, and hypersequent. Recall that hypersequents are a natural generalization of Gentzen ’s style sequents that was introduced independently by Avron and Pottinger . In particular, we examine Hilbert ’s style, sequent, and hypersequent calculi for infinite-valued logics based on the three fundamental continuous t-norms: Lukasiewicz ’s, Godel ’s, and Product logics....

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1.1 Neutrality concept in logic Every point of view A tends to be neutralized, diminished, balanced by Non-A. At the same time, in between A and Non-A there are infinitely many points of view Neut-A. Let’s note by A an idea, or proposition, theory, event, concept, entity, by Non-A what is not A, and by Anti-A the opposite of A. Neut-A means what is neither A nor Anti-A, i.e. neutrality is also in between the two extremes. ...

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1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1.1 Neutrality concept in logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1.2 Neutrality and non-Archimedean logical multiple-validity . . . . 10 1.3 Neutrality and neutrosophic logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2 First-order logical language. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 2.1 Preliminaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 2.2 Hilbert’s type calculus for classical logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 2.3 Sequent calculus for classical logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 3 n -valued Lukasiewicz’s logics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 3.1 Preliminaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 3.2 Originality of (p + 1)-valued Lukasiewicz’s logics . . . . . . . . . 30 3.3 n-valued Lukasiewicz’s calculi of Hilbert’s type . . . . . . . . . . 32 3.4 Sequent calculi for n-valued Lukasiewicz’s logics . . . . . . . . . . 33 3.5 Hypersequent calculus for 3-valued Lukasiewicz’s propositional logic . . . . . . . . . . . .37 4 Infinite valued Lukasiewicz’s logics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 4.1 Prelimi...

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The present book discusses, among other things, various quantization phenomena found in Astrophysics and some related issues including Brownian Motion. With recent discoveries of exoplanets in our galaxy and beyond, this Astrophysics quantization issue has attracted numerous discussions in the past few years. Most chapters in this book come from published papers in various peer-reviewed journals, and they cover different methods to describe quantization, including Weyl geometry, Supersymmetry, generalized Schrödinger, and Cartan torsion method. In some chapters Navier-Stokes equations are also discussed, because it is likely that this theory will remain relevant in Astrophysics and Cosmology While much of the arguments presented in this book are theoretical, nonetheless we recommend further observation in order to verify or refute the propositions described herein. It is of our hope that this volume could open a new chapter in our knowledge on the formation and structure of Astrophysical systems. ...

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Abstract We explore Yang’s Noncommutative space-time algebra (involving two length scales) within the context of QM defined in Noncommutative spacetimes and the holographic area-coordinates algebra in Clifford spaces. Casimir invariant wave equations corresponding to Noncommutative coordinates and momenta in d-dimensions can be recast in terms of ordinary QM wave equations in d + 2-dimensions. It is conjectured that QM over Noncommutative spacetimes (Noncommutative QM) may be described by ordinary QMin higher dimensions. Novel Moyal-Yang-Fedosov-Kontsevich star products deformations of the Noncommutative Poisson Brackets are employed to construct star product deformations of scalar field theories. Finally, generalizations of the Dirac-Konstant and Klein-Gordonlike equations relevant to the physics of D-branes and Matrix Models are presented. ...

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Excerpt: The house of Heine Brothers, in Munich, was of good repute at the time of which I am about to tell,--a time not long ago; and is so still, I trust. It was of good repute in its own way, seeing that no man doubted the word or solvency of Heine Brothers; but they did not possess, as bankers, what would in England be considered a large or profitable business. The operations of English bankers are bewildering in their magnitude. Legions of clerks are employed. The senior book-keepers, though only salaried servants, are themselves great men; while the real partners are inscrutable, mysterious, opulent beyond measure, and altogether unknown to their customers. Take any firm at random,--Brown, Jones, and Cox, let us say,--the probability is that Jones has been dead these fifty years, that Brown is a Cabinet Minister, and that Cox is master of a pack of hounds in Leicestershire....

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In this work the authors apply concepts of Neutrosophic Logic to the General Theory of Relativity to obtain a generalisation of Einstein’s four dimensional pseudo-Riemannian differentiable manifold in terms of Smarandache Geometry (Smarandache manifolds), by which new classes of relativistic particles and non-quantum teleportation are developed....

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1.2 The basics of neutrosophy Neutrosophy studies the origin, nature, and scope of neutralities, as well as their interactions with different ideational spectra. It considers that every idea tends to be neutralized, balanced by ideas; as a state of equilibrium. Neutrosophy is the basis of neutrosophic logic, neutrosophic set which generalizes the fuzzy set, and of neutrosphic probability and neutrosophic statistics, which generalize the classical and imprecise probability and statistics respectively. Neutrosophic Logic is a multiple-valued logic in which each proposition is estimated to have percentages of truth, indeterminacy, and falsity in T, I, and F respectively, where T, I, F are standard or non-standard subsets included in the non-standard unit interval ] −0, 1+[. It is an extension of fuzzy, intuitionistic, paraconsistent logics. ...

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Preface of the Editor 4 Chapter 1 PROBLEM STATEMENT . THE BASICS OF NEUTROSOPHY 1.1 Problem statement 5 1.2 The basics of neutrosophy 8 1.3 Neutrosophic subjects 13 1.4 Neutrosophic logic. The origin of neutrosophy 14 1.5 Definitions of neutrosophic 16 Chapter 2 TRAJECTORIES AND PARTICLES 2.1 Einstein’s basic space-time 18 2.2 Standard set of trajectories and particles. A way to expand the set 22 2.3 Introducing trajectories of mixed isotropic/non-isotropic kind 28 2.4 Particles moving along mixed isotropic/non-isotropic trajectories 31 2.5 S-denying the signature conditions. Classification of the expanded spaces 35 2.6 More on an expanded space-time of kind IV 45 2.7 A space-time of kind IV: a home space for virtual photons 52 2.8 A space-time of kind IV: non-quantum teleportation of photons 55 2.9 Conclusions 59 Chapter 3 ENTANGLED STATES AND QUANTUM CAUSALITY THRESHOLD 3.1 Disentangled and entangled particles in General Relativity. Problem statement 61 3.2 Incorporating entangled states into General Relativity 64 3.3 Quantum Causality Threshold in General Relativity 69 3.4 Conclusions 72 Biblio...

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The present book covers a wide-range of issues from alternative hadron models to their likely implications in New Energy research, including alternative interpretation of low energy reaction (coldfusion) phenomena. While some of these discussions may be found a bit too theoretical, our view is that once these phenomena can be put into rigorous theoretical framework, thereafter more 'openminded' physicists may be more ready to consider these New Energy methods more seriously. Our basic proposition in the present book is that considering these new theoretical insights, one can expect there are new methods to generate New Energy technologies which are clearly within reach of human knowledge in the coming years....

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In the preceding article we argue that biquaternionic extension of Klein-Gordon equation has numerical solution with sinusoidal form, which differs appreciably from conventional Yukawa potential. In the present article we interpret and compare this result from the viewpoint of EQPET/TSC model described by Takahashi. Further observation is of course recommended in order to refute or verify this proposition....

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Peer-reviewers ii Abstract iii Preface by D. Rapoport iv Contents vi Foreword viii Prologue: Socio-economic impact of New Energy technologies xi Contributors to this volume xiv Short biography of Contributors xv Free energy and Topological Geometrodynamics 1. Nuclear string hypothesis – M. Pitkanen 1 2. The notion of free-energy and many-sheeted Space-Time concept – M. Pitkanen 44 3. Prediction and calculation of New Energy development – Fu Yuhua 111 4. Some unsolved problems in the physics of elementary particle – V. Christianto & F. Smarandache (PiP, vol. 3 no. 4, 2007) 127 5. About some unsolved problems in physics – M. Pitkanen 132 Beyond Standard Model, Unmatter and Yang-Mills Field 6. Bifurcations and pattern formation in particle physics: an introductory study – E. Goldfain (submitted to APS conference, 2008) 151 7. Dynamics of Neutrino oscillations and the Cosmological constant problem – E. Goldfain 168 8. Fractional dynamics and the Standard Model of Elementary particles – E. Goldfain (Comm. In Nonlin. Science and Numerical. Simulation, 2007) 176 9. A new possible form of Matter, Unmatter – formed by parti...

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As someone who works heavily in both math and computers, I can truly appreciate the role that logic plays in our modern world. One cannot understand the foundations of mathematics while lacking knowledge of the basics of logic and how proofs are constructed. Two of the first classes I took as a graduate student in mathematics were in the foundations of mathematics, and hardly a day goes by where I do not use some topic from those courses. Logic is also a fundamental component of advanced computer classes. I am currently teaching advanced courses in assembly language programming and computer organization. Reference is constantly being made to how the rules of logic are incorporated into the fundamental circuits of a computer. The logic used in these classes is known as classical or Boolean logic. Neutrosophic logic is an extension of classical logic, but as you will see in the book, there are two intermediate steps between them. Neutrosophic logic is yet another idea generated by Florentin Smarandache, who seems to be a perpetual idea machine. Like classical logic, it can be used in many ways, everywhere from statistics to quantum me...

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For most of the 20th century, both relativity and star travel fascinated this writer. The reasons Albert Einstein concluded there is an absolute barrier at the speed of light seemed at first clear, then later not so clear upon closer examination. "The speed of light relative to what?" I often asked anyone who would listen. The common response was, "Light needs no specification of that kind; its speed is the same no matter who measures it." "That's true." I would respond; "That's just the second postulate of special relativity which is not in doubt; but that postulate applies to light, and we're talking about rocketships here." However it seemed that no one understood what I was saying. By referring to the universal constant c= 299.792 458 megameters per second as "the speed of light," we paint ourselves into a logical corner in which light is automatically taken as the subject of discussion even when it is not. The careful reader will know not to immediately think "light" when he hears or reads "the speed of light." But it is better to have a neutral name for that universal constant. It has been called the Lorentz speed; Ignaz...

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One's reach should exceed one's grasp. Thus we reach for Alpha Centauri with a round-trip manned and womanned mission as the proposed overarching goal under a clear plan of exploration - a grand experiment described in later chapters. Whether or not we succeed in grasping the goal under this or under any plan is not as important as it is to set a definite plan and work towards its goal. The plan outlined here is in two phases: Phase one has a high probability of success, given the required propulsion system; the chances of phase two working will be indicated by results obtained from phase one. A fundamental problem is the one of propulsion. It is important to the working of this plan, a highly optimistic one, that the engine be capable of a sustained acceleration of ¼ G in phase one and 1G in phase two. (1G = 9.80665 m/s2) Such an engine is within the reach of present ideas....

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Prefaces. 6 -- Ch.1. Introduction . 11 -- Ch.2. The Human Barrier. 14 -- Ch.3. An Overview. 18 -- Ch.4. Acceleration Due to Light Pressure. 21 -- Ch.5. Light Sailing is Not All There Is. 27 -- Ch.6. Einstein's Light Barrier. 32 -- Ch.7. The Phase One Experiment: The First Starship. 37 -- Ch.8. The Phase Two Experiment: Alpha Centauri or Bust!. 45 -- Ch.9. Voyage to the Center of the Galaxy. 50 -- Ch.10. An Hypothesis: There is no Speed Barrier in the Universe. 52 --...

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Language, in all parts of the earth, is the principal medium of communication between men. It is employed only by rational beings, or such as to have the faculty of speech; that is, of uttering articulate sounds. Language is the medium of communicating ideas in two ways: 1st, by the use of the voice in the utterance of articulate sounds termed words; 2nd, by characters representing articulate sounds. The former is addressed to the ear, the latter to the eye. Languages, like the people of the earth, are divided into great families. These again, owing to some local or other circumstances, are divided into Dialects. A dialect is a branch of some more general language. A dialect is formed by leaving off from the forms of the general language, or by adding something new to them. The pronunciation may to some extent be altered etc. These changes may be produced by time, accident, culture or neglect. Most if not all the dialects of Polynesia appear to have had the same origin, which, in all probability, was the Malayan. As the Islands of the great Pacific Ocean, constituting Polynesia, are many and far separated, it is reasonabl...

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Grammar is a written account of the principles used in writing or speaking a language. A Hawaiian Grammar is an explanation of the rules and principles used by Hawaiians in speaking and writing their language. Grammatical Treatises are usually divided into several parts, viz. Orthography, Etymology, Syntax and Prosody. Orthography treats of letters and their formation into words. Etymology treats of words and their changes in relation to each other. Syntax teaches the rules whereby words are formed into sentences. Prosody will hardly be included in this Grammar. Note. — It is taken for granted, in this work, that the reader understands the principles of general Grammar; hence many definitions are omitted....

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Grammar Definition Sec. -- 1 —3 -- Part 1 Orthography -- 4 -- Hawaiian Alphabet -- 6 -- Division of Letters -- 8 —10 -- Of the Vowel Sounds -- 11 -- Of the Consonant Sounds -- 13 -- Of the Sounds of Foreign Consonants -- 14 Of Diphthongs -- 15—18 -- Of Syllables -- 19—23 -- Of Words -- 24—26 -- Formation of Words -- 27—36 -- Peculiarities in the Use of Words -- 37—40 -- Of Accents—General Law -- 41—45 -- Letters Dropped -- 46 -- Letters Inserted -- 48 -- Etymology Definition -- 52 -- Of the O Emphatic -- 53 -- Its Place in the Sentence—Rules -- 54 -- Of the Articles Generally -- 55—58 -- Definite articles ka and ke -- 59 -- Where they are Used -- 60—61 – Semi-definite Articles -- 63—65 -- Indefinite Articles -- 66 -- Plural Article -- 67 -- Of the Simple Prepositions -- 68 -- Their Use and Signification -- 69—75 -- Of Nouns Sec. -- 76 -- Nouns Proper and Common -- 77—78 -- Abstract and Concrete -- 79 -- Syllables forming a Class -- 80 -- Of Person -- 82 -- Definition three Persons -- 82 -- Of Number -- 83 -- Nouns have three numbers -- 83—85 -- Signs of Dual and Plural -- 86—94 -- Of Gender -- 95 -- No Neuter Gender -- 96 -- Specifi...

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Research papers presented in this collection manifest only a few of many possible applications of neutrosophic logics to theoretical physics. Most of these applications target the theory of relativity and quantum physics, but other sections of physics are also possible to be considered....

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We apply the S-denying procedure to signature conditions in a four-dimensional pseudo-Riemannian space — i. e. we change one (or even all) of the conditions to be partially true and partially false. We obtain five kinds of expanded space-time for General Relativity. Kind I permits the space-time to be in collapse. Kind II permits the space-time to change its own signature. Kind III has peculiarities, linked to the third signature condition. Kind IV permits regions where the metric fully degenerates: there may be non-quantum teleportation, and a home for virtual photons. Kind V is common for kinds I, II, III, and IV....

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Preface, by Dmitri Rabounski ............................5 General Relativity, Gravitation, and Cosmology................6 S-Denying of the Signature Conditions Expands General Relativity’s Space, by Dmitri Rabounski, Florentin Smarandache, Larissa Borissova, Progress in Physics, 13-19, Vol. 3, 2006.......7 Positive, Neutral, and Negative Mass-Charges in General Relativity, by Larissa Borissova and Florentin Smarandache, Progress in Physics, 51-54, Vol. 3, 2006. .............14 Extension of the Big Bang Theory, by Florentin Smarandache, Bulletin of Pure and Applied Sciences, 139-140, Vol. 23D, No. 2, 2004. .....................18 What Gravity Is. Some Recent Considerations, by Vic Christianto and Florentin Smarandache, Progress in Physics, 63-67, Vol. 3, 2008. .......................20 A Few Remarks on the Length of Day: A Cosmological Perspective, by Vic Christianto, Matti Pitkaneny, and Florentin Smarandache, Progress in Physics, L3-L4, Vol. 1, 2009............25 Quantum Physics and Statistics .......................27 A Note on Unified Statistics Including Fermi-Dirac, Bose-Einstein, and Tsallis Statistic...

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Female spouse of one’s brother is called `sister-in-law`; similarly the sister of one’s spouse is sister-in-law. Again, the wife of one’s brother-in-law is also called sister-in-law, subject however to the condition that the said brother-in-law is not the husband of one’s own sister. Thus, in Indian society, we find a vast variety of sister-in-law. However, one factor of commonality is often found in the cases where at both ends of this relationship, we have females. The say that this factor provides sauce to our family life, by swift maneuvers of their inimical or endearing postures towards each other. The author has picked up every variety of this relationship from the middle-class stratum of Indian society, while sketching his story for this fictional narration. However, in a given situation, we feel like addressing or being addressed as `MUY DEAR SISTER-IN-LAW`. To take the story forward, the author has tried his best to strew certain suchlike expressions coming forth sporadically, uttered by one or the other character, irrespective of his/her sex....

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Perched in his wheelchair, at the moment on 30th June, 2007, this erstwhile lover of Maya Dua is expecting Vibha Ratra ..... Of course, this infirm oldie his first ever acquaintance with Vibha Ratra took place, when his family ... Our mother, though surprised to be getting acquainted by her son to Mrs Wilson as the bride's mother, chose to maintain silence about her knowledge of that lady's `swarthy` reputation in the residential vicinity, during their adolescence. Instead of consoling his father in a socially approved manner, the arrogant son had yelled out at the top of his voice, "Papa, you have had enough of her during the past 45 years. In case, you still need a woman's company, there is no dearth of this lot to provide warmth to your body. The following day, while exiting from the faculty meet, Vibha marked that Dr Rawat looked eager to join her, while she was proceeding towards the group of some junior teachers of her department, already waiting for their head of the department. Really, it's an agonizing account," Madhukar ejaculated following a long sigh. After a short while, he resumes, "You can bank upon, this humble fr...

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This book was intended to discuss some paradoxes in Quantum Mechanics from the viewpoint of Multi-Valued-logic pioneered by Lukasiewicz, and a recent concept Neutrosophic Logic. Essentially, this new concept offers new insights on the idea of ‘identity’, which too often it has been accepted as given....

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2 Lukasiewicz Multi-Valued-logic: History and Introduction to Multi- Valued Algebra 2.1 Introduction to trivalent logic and plurivalent logic We all have heard of typical binary logic, Yes or No. Or in a famous phrase by Shakespeare: “To be or not to be.” In the same way all computer hardwares from early sixties up to this year are built upon the same binary logic. It is known that the Classical Logic, also called Bivalent Logic for taking only two values {0, 1}, or Boolean Logic from British mathematician George Boole (1815-64), was named by the philosopher Quine (1981) “sweet simplicity.” [57] But this typical binary logic is not without problems. In the light of aforementioned ‘garment analogue’, we can compare this binary logic with a classic black-and-white tuxedo. It is timeless design, but of course you will not wear it for all occasions. Aristotle himself apparently knew this problem; therefore he introduced new terms ‘contingency’ and ‘possibility’ into his modal logic [5]. And then American logician Lewis first formulated these concepts of logical modality. ...

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Contents Foreword 6 1 Introduction: Paradoxes, Lukasiewicz, Multi-Valued logic 7 2 Lukasiewicz Multi-Valued Logic: History and Introduction to Multi-Valued Algebra 10 2.1. Introduction to trivalent logic and plurivalent logic 10 2.2. History of Lukasiewicz and Multi-Valued Logic 12 2.3. Introduction to Multi-Valued Algebra, Chang’s Notation 15 2.4. Linkage between Multi-Valued Logic and Quantum Mechanics 15 2.5. Exercise 17 3 Neutrosophy 25 3.1. Introduction to Neutrosophy 25 3.2. Introduction to Non-Standard Analysis 26 3.3. Definition of Neutrosophic Components 27 3.4. Formalization 28 3.5. Evolution of an Idea 30 3.6. Definition of Neutrosophic Logic 31 3.7. Differences between Neutrosophic Logic and IFL 32 3.8. Operations with Sets 33 3.9. Generalizations 34 4 Schrödinger Equation 39 4.1. Introduction 39 4.2. Quantum wave dynamics and classical dynamical system 43 4.3. A new derivation of Schrödinger-type Equation 45 5 Solution to Schrödinger’s Cat Paradox 47 5.1. Standard interpretation 47 5.2. Schrödinger’s Cat Paradox 48 5.3. Hidden-variable hypothesis 50 5.4. Hydrodynamic viewpoint and diffusion i...

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Applications demonstrate the power of the DSmT framework. In this third Volume, DSmT is applied to the entire spectrum of the Information Fusion that would interest any reader in data, sensor, information, and mathematical fusion topics. Highlighted in Figure 1 are the contemporary issues that include the links between (1) data conditioning and information management, (2) combined situation and impact assessment, and (2) knowledge representation between machine processing and user coordination. Various applications leverage DSmT “Advances” listed above along with DSmH (hybrid), DSmP (Probabilistic), and DSmT theoretical insights. The third volume attacks these application issues of coordination between the “levels” of information fusion....

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Part I Advances on DSmT 1 Chapter 1 An introduction to DSmT 3 by J. Dezert and F. Smarandache 1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.2 Foundations of DSmT . . . . . . . . . 4 1.2.1 The power set, hyper-power set and super-power set . . 6 1.2.2 Notion of free and hybrid DSm models . . . . 18 1.2.3 Generalized belief functions . . . . . . 20 1.2.4 The classic DSm rule of combination . . . . . 21 1.2.5 The hybrid DSm rule of combination . . . . . 22 1.2.6 Examples of combination rules . . . . . . 24 1.2.7 Fusion of imprecise beliefs . . . . . . 29 1.3 Proportional Conflict Redistribution rule . . . . . 33 1.3.1 PCR formulas . . . . . . . . . 34 1.3.2 Examples . . . . . . . . . 35 1.3.3 Zadeh’s example . . . . . . . . 39 1.4 Uniform and partially uniform redistribution rules . . . 41 1.5 RSC Fusion rules . . . . . . . . . 43 1.6 The generalized pignistic transformation (GPT) . . . . 45 1.6.1 The classical pignistic transformation . . . . 45 1.6.2 Notion of DSmcardinality . . . . . . 46 1.6.3 The Generalized Pignistic Transformation . . . 47 1.7 The DSmP transformation . . . . . . . 48 1.7.1 The Probabilistic In...

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This second book devoted on advances and applications of Dezert-Smarandache Theory (DSmT) for information fusion collects recent papers from different researchers working in engineering and mathematics. Part 1 of this book presents the current state-of-the-art on theoretical investigations while, Part 2 presents several applications of this new theory. Some ideas in this book are still under current development or improvements, but we think it is important to propose them in order to share ideas and motivate new debates with people interested in new reasoning methods and information fusion. So, we hope that this second volume on DSmT will continue to stir up some interests to researchers and engineers working in data fusion and in artificial intelligence....

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Preamble iii Prefaces v Part I Advances on DSmT 1 Chapter 1 Proportional Conflict Redistribution Rules for Information Fusion 3 by Florentin Smarandache and Jean Dezert 1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.2 The principal rules of combination . . . . . . . 6 1.2.1 Notion of total and partial conflicting masses . . . . . 6 1.2.2 The conjunctive rule . . . . . . . . . 6 1.2.3 The disjunctive rule . . . . . . . . . 8 1.2.4 Dempster’s rule of combination . . . . . . . 8 1.2.5 Smets’ rule of combination . . . . . . . 9 1.2.6 Yager’s rule of combination . . . . . . . 9 1.2.7 Dubois & Prade’s rule of combination . . . . . . 9 1.2.8 The hybrid DSm rule . . . . . . . . 10 1.3 The general weighted operator (WO) . . . . . . . 11 1.4 The weighted average operator (WAO) . . . . . . . 12 1.4.1 Definition . . . . . . . . . 12 1.4.2 Example for WAO . . . . . . . . . 13 1.4.3 Limitations of WAO . . . . . . . . . 13 1.5 Daniel’s minC rule of combination . . . . . . . 14 1.5.1 Principle of the minC rule . . . . . . . 14 1.5.2 Example for minC . . . . . . . . . 15 1.6 Principle of the PCR rules . . . . . . . . . 20 1.7 The...

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Female spouse of one’s brother is called `sister-in-law`; similarly the sister of one’s spouse is sister-in-law. Again, the wife of one’s brother-in-law is also called sister-in-law, subject however to the condition that the said brother-in-law is not the husband of one’s own sister. Thus, in Indian society, we find a vast variety of sister-in-law. However, one factor of commonality is often found in the cases where at both ends of this relationship, we have females. The say that this factor provides sauce to our family life, by swift maneuvers of their inimical or endearing postures towards each other. The author has picked up every variety of this relationship from the middle-class stratum of Indian society, while sketching his story for this fictional narration. However, in a given situation, we feel like addressing or being addressed as `MUY DEAR SISTER-IN-LAW`. To take the story forward, the author has tried his best to strew certain suchlike expressions coming forth sporadically, uttered by one or the other character ,irrespective of his/her sex. ...

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Perched in his wheelchair, at the moment on 30th June, 2007, this erstwhile lover of Maya -law. Of course, this infirm oldie his first ever acquaintance with Vibha Ratra took place, when his family ... Our mother, though surprised to be getting acquainted by her son to Mrs Wilson as the bride's mother, chose to maintain silence about her knowledge of that lady's `swarthy` reputation in the residential vicinity, during their adolescence. Instead of consoling his father in a socially approved manner, the arrogant son had yelled out at the top of his voice, "Papa, you have had enough of her during the past 45 years. In case, you still need a woman's company, there is no dearth of this lot to provide warmth to your body. The following day, while exiting from the faculty meet, Vibha marked that Dr Rawat looked eager to join her, while she was proceeding towards the group of some junior teachers of her department, already waiting for their head of the department. Really, it's an agonizing account," Madhukar ejaculated following a long sigh. After a short while, he resumes, "You can bank upon, this humble friend for all support, wheneve...

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Progress and development in our knowledge of the structure, form and function of the Universe, in the true sense of the word, its beauty and power, and its timeless presence and mystery, before which even the greatest intellect is awed and humbled, can spring forth only from an unshackled mind combined with a willingness to imagine beyond the boundaries imposed by that ossified authority by which science inevitably becomes, as history teaches us, barren and decrepit. Revealing the secrets of Nature, so that we truly see ‘the sunlit plains extended, and at night the wondrous glory of the everlasting stars’*, requires far more than mere technical ability and mechanical dexterity learnt from books and consensus. The dustbin of scientific history is replete with discredited consensus and the grand reputations of erudite reactionaries. Only by boldly asking questions, fearlessly, despite opposition, and searching for answers where most have not looked for want of courage and independence of thought, can one hope to discover for one’s self. From nothing else can creativity blossom and grow, and without which the garden of science can o...

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After the experiments were completed, the life span of such “atoms” was calculated theoretically in Chapiro’s works [61,62,63]. His main idea was that nuclear forces, acting between nucleon and anti-nucleon, can keep them far away from each other, hindering their annihilation. For instance, a proton and anti-proton are located at the opposite side of the same orbit and move around the orbit’s centre. If the diameter of their orbit is much larger than the diameter of the “annihilation area”, they can be kept from annihilation (see fig. 3). But because the orbit, according to Quantum Mechanics, is an actual cloud spreading far around the average radius, at any radius between the proton and the anti-proton there is a probability that they can meet one another at the annihilation distance. Therefore the nucleon---anti-nucleon system annihilates in any case, as this system is unstable by definition having a life span no more than 10-20 sec....

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Contents Preface 5 Foreword 6 1 Unsolved Problems in Theoretical Physics 8 1.1. Problems related to elementary particles 8 1.2. Problems related to Unmatter 11 1.3 Some unresolved problems, questions and applications of the Brightsen nucleon cluster model 21 2 Unsolved Problems in Mathematics 24 2.1. Maximum number of circles 25 2.2. Consecutive sequence 25 2.3. Diophantine equation 25 2.4. Van Der Waerden Theorem 26 2.5. Differential equation with fractional power 26 2.6. Representation of odd number with prime 26 2.7. Magic square problem 27 2.8. Palindromic number and iteration 27 2.9. Non-Euclidean geometry by giving up its fifth postulate 28 2.10. Smarandache Geometry and Degree of Negation in Geometries 28 2.11. Non-Archimedean triangle theorem 33 2.12. The cubic Diophantine equation 33 2.13. Multispaces and applications in physics 34 3 Unsolved Problems in Astrophysics 35 3.1. Unsolved problems in Celestial Mechanics 35 3.2. Unsolved problems in Astrophysics 37 4 Unsolved Problems in Geophysics 45 4.1. Introduction 45 4.2. Some new questions 45 5 Unsolved Problems in Sorites Quantum Paradox and Sm...

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The Incunabula Papers are arguably the first immersive online legend complex that introduced readers to a host of content, including what religious historian Robert Ellwood has called the “alternative reality tradition. – Legend-Tripping Online: Supernatural Folklore and the Search for Ong’s Hat...

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INCUNABULA A Catalog of Rare Books, Manuscripts & Curiosa Conspiracy Theory, Frontier Science & Alternative Worlds Emory Cranston, Prop.Incunabulum: cocoon; swaddling clothes; cradle; in-cunae, in the cradle; koiman, put to sleep, winding- sheet; koimetarium (cemetery); printed books before 1501, hence by extension any rare & hermetic book… Introduction This catalog is a reproduction. This is not a commercial advertisement. ECommerce links to the available books are offered a as courtesy to researchers. Consider this first file an unusually complete bibliography to the story that unravels in the companion files. No book for sale here was actually printed before 1501, but they all answer to the description ” rare and hermetic” – even the mass market paperbacks, not to mention the xeroxes of unpublished manuscripts, which cannot be obtained from any other source! The symbol INCUNABULA was chosen for our company for it’s shape – cocoon, egg-like, gourd-like, the shape of Chaos according to Chaung Tzu. Cradle: beginnings. Sleep: dreams. Silken white sheets of birth and death; books, white pages, the cemetery of ideas. Thi...

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. Incunabula A Catalogue of Rare Books, Manuscripts & Curiosa. 2. Ong's Hat: Gateway to the Dimensions! A full color brochure for the Institute of Chaos Studies and the Moorish Science Ashram in Ong's Hat, New Jersey. 4. Joseph Matheny's Journal 3. Advances in Skin Science: Quantum Tantra...

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This book is devoted to an emerging branch of Information Fusion based on new approach for modeling the fusion problematic when the information provided by the sources is both uncertain and (highly) conflicting. This approach, known in literature as DSmT (standing for Dezert-Smarandache Theory), proposes new useful rules of combinations. We gathered in this volume a presentation of DSmT from the beginning to the latest development. Part 1 of this book presents the current state-of-the-art on theoretical investigations while Part 2 presents several applications of this new theory. We hope that this first book on DSmT will stir up some interests to researchers and engineers working in data fusion and in artificial intelligence. Many simple but didactic examples are proposed throughout the book. As a young emerging theory, DSmT is probably not exempt from improvements and its development will continue to evolve over the years. We just want through this book to propose a new look at the Information Fusion problematic and open a new track to attack the combination of information....

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Preamble xi Prefaces xiii I Advances on DSmT 1 1 Presentation of DSmT 3 1.1 Introduction . . . . . 3 1.2 Short introduction to the DST . . . . 5 1.2.1 Shafer’s model and belief functions . . . 5 1.2.2 Dempster’s rule of combination . . . 5 1.2.3 Alternatives to Dempster’s rule of combination . . . 6 1.2.4 The discounting of sources of evidence . . . 10 1.3 Foundations of the DSmT . . . . 11 1.3.1 Notion of free and hybrid DSm models . . . 11 1.3.2 Notion of hyper-power set D_ . . . 13 1.3.3 Generalized belief functions . . . . 15 1.3.4 The classic DSm rule of combination . . . 16 1.3.5 The hybrid DSm rule of combination . . . 17 1.3.6 On the refinement of the frames . . . 18 1.3.7 On the combination of sources over different frames . . . 20 1.4 Comparison of different rules of combinations . . . 21 1.4.1 First example . . . . . 21 1.4.2 Second example . . . . 25 1.4.3 Third example . . . . 26 1.4.4 Fourth example . . . . 27 1.4.5 Fifth example . . . . . 27 1.5 Summary . . . . . 29 1.6 References . . . . . 31 2 The generation of hyper-power sets 37 2.1 Introduction . . . . . 37 2.2 Definition of hyper-po...

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Etymologically, aphorism + floral = aph(L)orism, which is a short reflection written on a floral design, or a short poetry accompanied by an artistic background. They are colorful contemplations. Maximus in minimis (Lat.) means very much in very little [max in min], or condensed thought, or ideating essence. They are actually maxims, adages, sayings mostly in one line (uni-stich) with a title, as a metaphoric statement, a breathing momentum that oils our soul....

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Nonchalantly : The wind with its mantle steps lightly. Skin Condition : The Sun has spots too. At what time? When it rains, God cries. Atmosphere : Blue, as the sky dirtied by clouds. Bright : A balcony full of Sun. Natural disaster : The swans look drunk on the fetid lake. Surprisingly : The crow is a beautiful black. Elegant woman : A bird high on her legs. Most powerful chess piece : You are a queen but only in the dark. Medicinal plant : You’re a flower but amongst weeds. Force that attracts food : The stomach’s gravitation pulls me to food....

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Passion.......................................................................23 Worthless.....................................................................23 Tired of you....................................................................23 Tittle-tattle....................................................................23 Talk is cheep...................................................................24 Give the man what he doesn’t have.................................................24 Novel for (non) writers...........................................................24 Desolate......................................................................24 Did I have the pleasure...........................................................24 Sloppy work....................................................................25 Despicable.....................................................................25 Wanted.......................................................................25 Talking in vain..................................................................25 Use caplets.....................................................

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The whole paradoxist distich should be as a geometric unitary parabola, hyperbola, ellipse at the borders between art, philosophy, rebus, and mathematics – which exist in complementariness. The School of Paradoxist Literature, which evolved around 1980s, continues through these bi-verses closed in a new lyric exact formula, but with an opening to essence. For this kind of procedural poems one can elaborate mathematical algorithms and implement them in a computer: but, it is preferable a machine with … soul!...

Excerpt Details
I M M O D E S T With the shame Shamelessness U N D E C I D E D Fighting Himself J A Z Z ( I ) Melodious Anarchy J A Z Z ( I I ) Anarchic Melody...

Table of Contents Details
Fore/word and Back/word _________ 3 The making of the distich : _____ 3 Characteristics: ______________ 3 Historical considerations: _____ 5 Types of Paradoxist distiches ___ 8 1. Clichés paraphrased: ___ 8 2. Parodies: _____________ 8 3. Reversed formulae: ____ 8 4. Double negation _______ 8 5. Double affirmation, ____ 8 6. Turn around on false tracks: _________________ 8 7. Hyperboles (exaggerated): __________________ 8 8. With nuance changeable from the title: ________ 8 9. Epigrammatic: ________ 8 10. Pseudo-paradoxes: ___ 8 11. Tautologies: ________ 9 12. Redundant: _________ 9 13. Based on pleonasms: _ 9 14. or on anti-pleonasms: 9 15. Substitution of the attribute in collocations ___ 9 16. Substitution of the complement in collocations 9 17. Permutation of various parts of the whole: ___ 9 18. The negation of the clichés ______________ 10 19. Antonymization (substantively, adjectively, etc.) ________________ 10 20. Fable against the grain: _________________ 10 21. Change in grammatical category (preserving substitutions’ homonymy): ________________ 10 22. Epistolary or colloquia style: _________...

Description Details
The fourth volume, in my book series of “Collected Papers”, includes 100 published and unpublished articles, notes, (preliminary) drafts containing just ideas to be further investigated, scientific souvenirs, scientific blogs, project proposals, small experiments, solved and unsolved problems and conjectures, updated or alternative versions of previous papers, short or long humanistic essays, letters to the editors...

Excerpt Details
This short technical paper advocates a bootstrapping algorithm from which we can form a statistically reliable opinion based on limited clinically observed data, regarding whether an osteo-hyperplasia could actually be a case of Ewing’s osteosarcoma. The basic premise underlying our methodology is that a primary bone tumour, if it is indeed Ewing’s osteosarcoma, cannot increase in volume beyond some critical limit without showing metastasis. We propose a statistical method to extrapolate such critical limit to primary tumour volume. Our model does not involve any physiological variables but rather is entirely based on time series observations of increase in primary tumour volume from the point of initial detection to the actual detection of metastases....

Table of Contents Details
Collected Eclectic Ideas - preface by the author.............................3 Contents....................................................6 ASTRONOMY..................................14 1. First Lunar Space Base, project proposal, by V. Christianto, Florentin Smarandache..15 2. On Recent Discovery of New Planetoids in the Solar System and Quantization of Celestial System, by V. Christianto, F. Smarandache..................28 3. Open and Solved Elementary Questions in Astronomy, by Florentin Smarandache.. 36 BIOLOGY......................................40 4. Statistical Modeling of Primary Ewing Tumors of the Bone, by Sreepurna Malakar, Florentin Smarandache, Sukanto Bhattacharya, in in , Vol. 3, No. JJ05, 81-88, 2005................41 CALCULUS....................................53 5. A Triple Inequality with Series and Improper Integrals, by Florentin Smarandache, in Bulletin of Pure and Applied Sciences, Vol. 25E, No. 1, 215-217, 2006.........54 6. Immediate Calculation of Some Poisson Type Integrals Using SuperMathematics Circular Ex-Centric Functions, by Florentin Smarandache & Mircea Eugen................................

Description Details
The fourth volume, in my book series of “Collected Papers”, includes 100 published and unpublished articles, notes, (preliminary) drafts containing just ideas to be further investigated, scientific souvenirs, scientific blogs, project proposals, small experiments, solved and unsolved problems and conjectures, updated or alternative versions of previous papers, short or long humanistic essays, letters to the editors...

Excerpt Details
This short technical paper advocates a bootstrapping algorithm from which we can form a statistically reliable opinion based on limited clinically observed data, regarding whether an osteo-hyperplasia could actually be a case of Ewing’s osteosarcoma. The basic premise underlying our methodology is that a primary bone tumour, if it is indeed Ewing’s osteosarcoma, cannot increase in volume beyond some critical limit without showing metastasis. We propose a statistical method to extrapolate such critical limit to primary tumour volume. Our model does not involve any physiological variables but rather is entirely based on time series observations of increase in primary tumour volume from the point of initial detection to the actual detection of metastases....

Table of Contents Details
Collected Eclectic Ideas - preface by the author.............................3 Contents....................................................6 ASTRONOMY..................................14 1. First Lunar Space Base, project proposal, by V. Christianto, Florentin Smarandache..15 2. On Recent Discovery of New Planetoids in the Solar System and Quantization of Celestial System, by V. Christianto, F. Smarandache..................28 3. Open and Solved Elementary Questions in Astronomy, by Florentin Smarandache.. 36 BIOLOGY......................................40 4. Statistical Modeling of Primary Ewing Tumors of the Bone, by Sreepurna Malakar, Florentin Smarandache, Sukanto Bhattacharya, in in , Vol. 3, No. JJ05, 81-88, 2005................41 CALCULUS....................................53 5. A Triple Inequality with Series and Improper Integrals, by Florentin Smarandache, in Bulletin of Pure and Applied Sciences, Vol. 25E, No. 1, 215-217, 2006.........54 6. Immediate Calculation of Some Poisson Type Integrals Using SuperMathematics Circular Ex-Centric Functions, by Florentin Smarandache & Mircea Eugen................................