...h’s eponymous Tabulating Machine Company soon expanded to other governments’ censuses, and then to payroll, inven- tory, and billing for large firms li... ...ly 2007, 54 and the field is expanding: a study monitoring botnet activity in 2006 detected, on average, the emergence of 1 million new bots per month.... ...puters were responsible for more than 80 percent of the world’s spam in June 2006, and spam in turn accounted for an estimated 80 percent of the world... ... the world’s total e-mail. 59 North American PCs led the world in De- cember 2006, producing approximately 46 percent of the world’s spam. 60 That spa... ...one. Sobig was designed by its author to expire a few weeks later. 65 In May 2006 a virus exploiting a vulnera- bility in Microsoft Word propagated th... ... was compromised, allowing access or control by at- tackers—between 2005 and 2006. 71 Nearly all of those vulnerabilities could be exploited remotely,...