...ns by Henry James A PENN STATE ELECTRONIC CLASSICS SERIES PUBLICATION The Europeans by Henry James is a publication of the Pennsylvania State Univers... ... Pennsylvania State University. This Por- table Document file is furnished free and without any charge of any kind. Any person using this document fil... ...he document or for the file as an electronic transmission, in any way. The Europeans by Henry James, the Pennsylvania State University, Electronic Cla... ...publication project to bring classical works of literature, in English, to free and easy access of those wishing to make use of them. Cover Design: Ji... ...ia State University is an equal opportunity university. 3 Henry James The Europeans by Henry James CHAPTER I A narrow grave-yard in the heart of a b... ...lain, which suggest an affiliation between the residents and the East- ern trade, were symmetrically disposed. It was an ancient house—ancient in the ... ...fellow; he looks as if he were undergoing mar- tyrdom, not by fire, but by freezing. But we shall cheer them up; we shall do them good. They will take... ...t than commonly appeared—at Harvard College; and he took a pleasure in old associations, which made it a part of his daily contentment to live so near...

...09 Supply Chain Connectivity Framework Plan APEC Committee Trade and Investment September 2011 ii ... ... Prepared for the APEC Committee for Trade and Investment CTI 02/2011T Final Report Prepared by Logistics... ............................. 15 FIGURE 15: EXISTENCE OF VARIOUS BARRIERS TO TRADE ACROSS APEC ECONOMIES. AS REPORTED BY APEC GOVERNMENT INSTITUTION RE... ...s to standardize the term “SME” regionally by some organizations like the European Commission’s unilateral definition 4 , and although the benefits ... ...udies. 4 The European Commission made recommendation in 2003 to unilaterally define a sm... ...tion in 2003 to unilaterally define a small and medium enterprise for the European Union. 6 Figure 2: Types of Organizations Considered Logistic... ...s from Mexico shared how their economy utilized the internet to provide a free logistics processes evaluation service easily accessible to SME logis... ...res, some still based on cumbersome paper documentation; and 8) A lack of freedom to operate across borders, either to freely establish logistics com... ...mpty aircraft were flown around simply to comply with outdated so-called ‘freedoms of the air’. Reported sources of bottlenecks above are in line wi...

...It also indicative of the evolving focus of APEC initiatives from resolving border issues, to investigating and resolving behind-the-border issues to trade....

...ks situation, and even more instances were collected in comments filed by trade associations and other groups. Thus, there is good evidence that th... ...uation, and even more instances were collected in comments filed by trade associations and other groups. Thus, there is good evidence that the orph... ...attribution is critically important to authors, even those who consent to free use of their works. The Page 10 UNITED STATES COPYRIGHT OFFICE R ... ...ion” may, in appropriate circumstances, be found to be zero, or a royalty-free license, if the comparable transactions in the marketplace support suc... ...l interest, but that would be more readily available for scholarly use if free of copyright restrictions. H.R. Rep. No. 94-1476, at 136 (1976). 14 ... ...the comments discussing genuine orphan works situations were submitted by trade associations, academic societies, or other organizations, which surv... ...se. Some advocate that there should be no monetary compensation with the trade-off that use would be permitted only for a limited amount of time. 80... ...ning section 110(5) of the U.S. Copyright Act. 167 In that dispute, the European Union argued that the exception to copyright protection found in ... ...ment that parties comply with Berne. 169 The panel held in favor of the European Union with regard to section 110(5)(B), stating that it violated ...

...ks situation, and even more instances were collected in comments filed by trade associations and other groups. Thus, there is good evidence that th... ...uation, and even more instances were collected in comments filed by trade associations and other groups. Thus, there is good evidence that the orph... ...attribution is critically important to authors, even those who consent to free use of their works. The Page 10 UNITED STATES COPYRIGHT OFFICE R ... ...ion” may, in appropriate circumstances, be found to be zero, or a royalty-free license, if the comparable transactions in the marketplace support suc... ...l interest, but that would be more readily available for scholarly use if free of copyright restrictions. H.R. Rep. No. 94-1476, at 136 (1976). 14 ... ...the comments discussing genuine orphan works situations were submitted by trade associations, academic societies, or other organizations, which surv... ...se. Some advocate that there should be no monetary compensation with the trade-off that use would be permitted only for a limited amount of time. 80... ...ning section 110(5) of the U.S. Copyright Act. 167 In that dispute, the European Union argued that the exception to copyright protection found in ... ...ment that parties comply with Berne. 169 The panel held in favor of the European Union with regard to section 110(5)(B), stating that it violated ...

... http://www.ce-review.org/authorarchives/vaknin_archive/vaknin_main.html Download free anthologies here: http://samvak.tripod.com/freebooks.html ... ...aware of all the goings-on, reported noting almost until the King's abdication. The European and American press, in contrast, provided extensive cov... ...0 years later). Arab geographers propagated the story of Atlantis and medieval European authors referred to it as fact. Current oceanographe... ...athory.htm http://www.alienplayground.net/disgusting/idols.html http://bathory.freehosting.net/ebathori.html http://samvak.tripod.com/objectre... ... (1783-1830) is a Latin American folk hero, revered for having been a revolutionary freedom fighter, a compassionate egalitarian and a successful po... ... in 1860. Southerners, dependent on industrial imports as they were, supported free trade. Northerners were vehement trade protectionists. The feder... ...almost seceded in 1812, during the Anglo- American conflict, in order to protect its trade with Britain. The constitution of the Confederacy prohi... ...rade with Britain. The constitution of the Confederacy prohibited African slave trade (buying slaves from Africa), though it allowed interstate ... ...n. He did "discover" America, the continent - or, at least, is the first documented European to have done so. His first and second voyages ended in ...

...SBN: 1-4033-8038-4 (Paperback) ISBN: 1-4033-8039-2 (Dustjacket) This book is printed on acid free paper. 1s... ...cstasy, her eyes growing wider and wider, as she howled her fulfillment. Horrified, Gavin pulled free, although his erection was still alive and st... ...h to marry again so soon?’ ‘He knows he must produce an heir. There is no one in India among the European women that he wishes to make his wife and,... ...ships, their dreadful cargo evident from the stench which wafted towards the Prince George on the Trade Winds. John MacGregor told Helen, as they wa... ...hed the dhows change course rapidly, ‘The British Navy patrol these waters to prevent these slave traders from carrying out their pernicious trade a... ...The Residency is, of course, built on land bought from the Nawab by the Dutch, who were the first European Power to acquire a trading concession fro... ...s in the early seventeenth THE CURSE OF KALI 47 century. It, too, is a handsome building, more European than Indian in architecture.’ John MacGr... ...t of Hyderabad, Lt. Col. James Kirkpatrick, had married a great niece of the Diwan and his close association with the Indians had deterred a pro Fre... ...s, if you like, because I believed you had given yourself to the Afghan leader in exchange for my freedom. I remember his words as clearly as if the...

...ound to lead us down the path of apocalypse? It all boils down to the question of free choice and free will versus the benevolent determinism impo... ...best disruptive. His utopian world – the one he constructed for Truman – is choice-free and dilemma-free. Truman is programmed not in the sense tha... ...ter to live happily in a perfectly detailed delusion - or to survive unhappily but free of its hold? The Matrix controls the minds of all the huma... ...cient, clean and green technologies; cement manufacture should be tweaked; cap and trade (or tax) schemes implemented on the national, corporate, a... ...ouple of wholesome American youths (one of them a Jew) are nabbed by a ring of east Europeans who cater to the depraved needs of sadists by providin... ... for Americans, or the allies of Americans, Japanese). The bad guys are invariably European; a decadent and unfaithful Icelandic, seductive Czech a... ... born and bred in the United States. Born Killers is an American phenomenon, not a European one. Moreover, the New Europe (to borrow the American ... ...ised by the Agency of Privatization, by the Stock Exchange, and by the Ministry of Trade. 1999 to 2002 Economic Advisor to the Government of the R... ...ogues with Nikola Gruevski), Skopje, 1998 "The Exporters' Pocketbook", Ministry of Trade, Republic of Macedonia, Skopje, 1999 "Malignant Self Lov...

...tents.html Anatomy of a Mental Illness http://samvak.tripod.com/journal11.html Download free anthologies here: http://samvak.tripod.com/freebook... ...rs and ramps. Between two rows of houses shrouded in grimy washing, he hastens towards the freeway. He turns the radio volume up and speakers inunda... ...top to cover some half-deleted lettering. We bid farewell and walk placidly to the car. He freezes on the back seat, still cradling his plastic tre... ...id. All shops were closed. I had a dinner date with a Londoner, a naturalised Iranian oil trader. Throughout the meal he kept rebuking me: "You s... ...tained. Consider the authorities. This act is so in breach of my much-cultivated image as European intellectual – that I anticipate being thoroughl... ... by the Agency of Transformation, by the Macedonian Stock Exchange, and by the Ministry of Trade. 1999 to 2002 Economic Advisor to the Government ... ...Skopje, 1999-2006 "After the Rain – How the West Lost the East", Narcissus Publications in association with Central Europe Review/CEENMI, Prague and...

... the perpetuation and refinement of crafts. 3. From Whence Cometh Indo-European Tongues? Did a freshwater lake community flee a saltwater surge ... ...f democracies. 13. He Unchained Books The German goldsmith’s invention frees access to library books and breaks the chains of ignorance that held... ...ext, most of those once-wondrous machines were junked before 2000. 19. Free Self-Learning Laboratories. Public libraries give the ordinary citize... ..., they’re gone. 21. The Seeds of Cyberspace ―As long as scientists are free to pursue the truth wherever it may lead, new scientific knowledge wi... ... the huge depression we know today as the Black Sea? Whence Cometh Indo-European Tongues? In prehistoric times—antedating written history by mil... ...alt sea buried freshwater sands That process may have spawned the Indo-European family of languages, but lacking the power of the written word, n... ...the idea of property—now in the form of land, labor, and commodities—came trade and the need to keep accounts. Judicial systems built upon oral decr... ... was worn as mark of imperial or royal rank. Phoenicians were seafaring traders using manpowered sailing galleys. They transported goods all acros... ... for silk. That freed its silk industry to increase profits from the silk trade by concentrating on producing the cloth fabric. Following the lea...

...ory-For millennia, mnemonics reigned over commerce, news, entertainment, and the perpetuation and refinement of crafts. -- 3. From Whence Cometh Indo-European Tongues?-Did a freshwater lake community flee a saltwater surge that filled the Black Sea and scatter its language west toward the Atlantic, southeast toward India, and northeast toward the Pacific? -- 4. Scripting S...

...cution of violating employers a high and urgent priority. The number of trade inspectors should at least be tripled, as per standards in other dev... ...ational Employment Contract” should be signed between the government, the trade unions, the employers (Chamber of Commerce) and the Central Bank. Al... ... The Employers will guarantee the formation of new work places against a freeze on employee compensation, a separate treatment of part time labour ... ...orkers or through stock options schemes to the workers). In return, the trade unions will be granted effective control of the shop floor. This is ... ... intervene in the negotiations and it can always wield the whip of a wage freeze, or wage AND price controls. In Holland the courts can set wages. W... ...ly the newly hired – LIFO, last in first out). The firm should be given a free hand in hiring and firing its employees regardless of tenure. Lab... ...d predictor of inflation. The Rhineland Model the Poldermodel and Other European Ideas The Anglo-Saxon variety of capitalism is intended to maxi... ...a Third Way. Wim Duisenberg, the Dutch Banker (currently Governor of the European Central Bank), attributed this success to four elements: Improv... ...00, 176,000, 87,000, 106,300 And those with a higher education maintain European rates of unemployment: 41,000, 32,700, 8,300, 13,400 Those wi...

...Modern labour theories and practice. Covers issues like employment, unemployment, migration, brain drain, entrepreneurship, workaholism, and trade unions....

...Pg 284 The Principle of Greed Pg 285 The Birth of Irresponsibility Pg 287 Freedom and Irresponsibility Pg 288 Ownership Pg 290 Law Pg 291 W... ...t his male aggressiveness and confidence. As a result of his indecisiveness, free from the continuous furious onslaughts of Impetus going through he... ...tion where many sources of knowledge from many different disciplines are now freely available, that I could assemble the important basic facts and ... .... This is what tool-use fostered. It is one of the most obvious behavioral trademarks of the human species; we look at things, react to things, th... ... sprinkle hot black specks onto food appear? In Europe when the first modern European stoves replaced open-hearth cooking. When rich, elite Europe... ... it. They missed their dearly beloved specks of cancer-causing carbon. Then Europeans discovered spices; black and white pepper: it instantly beca... ...eness where any preying animal could sneak up on them more easily because the trade-off of being able to make and use tools enabled it to survive be... ...e the destruction of the entire continent of America was set off by the first European colony establishing a foothold on an island 3 miles off the c... ...s. 279 especially food. And once they could do that, they could use it to trade for other things. With civilization came the use of salt as a p...

... beginnings of civilization. 6: The effect of civilization upon humans. 7: Death, the existence of evil and its effect on humans. Offered as a free E-book at: http://thepathofsplitness.com/ ...

... Technology: T wo Case Studies, 160 8 A Creative Commons, 179 9 An Evidence-Free Zone, 205 10 An Environmentalism for Information, 230 Notes and Furt... ...me to many of these issues. The work of Richard Stallman, the creator of the free software movement, remains an inspiration even though he pro- foundl... ...The entire community of librarians de- serves our thanks for standing up for free public access to knowledge for over two hundred years. Librarians ar... ...s an xi 37278_u00.qxd 8/28/08 11:04 AM Page xi expansive right akin to a trademark over the word “Olympic” and will not permit gay activists to ho... ...hem yet? How do you decide what to fund and when to fund it, what desires to trade off against each other? The society you have founded normally relie... ...ert is easy to police. The innovator may even be advantaged by being able to trade on the likely effects of her innova- tion. If I know I have develop... ...tal Millennium Copy- right Act, to trademark “anti-dilution” rulings, to the European Database Protection Directive. 18 The old limits to intellectual... ...rangement of data—C’s, G’s, A’s, and T’s. 34 Other challenges are overt: the European Database Protection Directive did (and various proposed bills in... ...e competitive. Presumably government economists in the United States and the European Union have been hard at work ever since, seeing if the right act...

...music, our culture, our science, and our economic welfare all depend on a delicate balance between those ideas that are controlled and those that are free, between intellectual property and the public domain. In The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind (Yale University Press) James Boyle introduces readers to the idea of the public domain and describes how it i...

...liworth Ave. A MercifulMan is merciful to bis face. He keeps it smooth and free from irritation by using WILLIAMS' r4T^l DR. CHARLES DICKINSON TEFFT U... ...llege privileges as medical students. Quizzing conducted by the Professors free of charge. IlAIHirimRnt nf PharmailV i> also an integral part of the i... ...r tlM I'.alpn-Iliirllnit tinde-iiiark. "The IJentle Art of Letler Wrltlna" free for the name of your atalloiier. BATOK-nuni,BnT P*rEa Co., PlttBlIold.... ...Over Cutting & Co. NORTH ADAMS. - - - MASS. ABSOLUTELY FIREPROOF THEWORTHY EUROPEAN PLAN W. M. KIMBELL. Mgr. Springfield - - - - Mass College Barber S... ...ster, N. Y. ^ Cbe Richmond Tdc Ulcllington north /Idams. IDass. AMERICAN & EUROPEAN PLAN E. M. Moore, Mgr. W. S, Underwood Go. it PIANOS, ii DR. C. W.... ...ted in Williamstown by Mr Bradman ^ THE HAHflPTON AilJaoBnt to Post Offioo European Plan, $1andUp American Plan, $2m50 to$4 Om Am Koelef, Propm Northa... ...ned to buy furs and fish on a crtsh basis, but instead, substituted pay in trade, delorniining theirown relation of values. To counteract this rob- be... ...nd there met with the greatest suc- cess, as he did not have the Eng- lish traders to cope with. Shortly after his arrival, by his assistance ill a gr... ...11 liiuit upon natliif it. Costa nomorethan otiltf foiultAin pens ol best (trade. IQOitilee and llsea toieleot fromehown In ouroatalof fnrnlsbed free ...

...rary and the College Archives maintain more than a century's worth of publicly accessible, bound volumes of the Record. The newspaper provides access free of charge to a searchable database of articles stretching back to 1998 on its website. The student yearbook is called The Gulielmensian, which means "Williams Thing" in Greek.[52] It was published irregularly in the 1...

...d freight est. estimate Ex-Im Export-Import Bank of the United States f.o.b. free on board GDP gross domestic product GNP gross national product kW ki... ...; an illegal producer of opium poppy and cannabis for the international drug trade Major industries: small-scale production of textiles, soap, furnitu... ...02 million (c.i.f., 1985); mostly food supplies and petroleum products Major trade partners: exports mostly USSR and other Eastern bloc countries; imp... ...e tools, iron and steel products, textiles, chemicals, Pharmaceuticals Major trade partners: exports Yugosla- via, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Italy, Po-... ...lgerian Algeria (continued) Ethnic divisions: 99% Arab-Berber, less than 1% European Religion: 99% Sunni Muslim (state reli- gion); 1% Christian and ... ...n Ethnic divisions: 37% Ovimbundu, 25% Kimbundu, 13% Bakongo, 2% Mestico, 1% European Religion: 68% Roman Catholic, 20% Protestant, about 12% indigeno... ...rict (Federal Capital), and 1 territory Legal system: mixture of US and West European legal systems; constitution adopted 1853 is in effect; has not a... ...red Sinowatz, chairman; Austrian People's Party (OVP), Alois Mock, chairman; Freedom Party of Austria (FPO), Jorg Haider, chairman; Communist Party (K... ...ties and leaders: Progressive Liberal Party (PLP), Sir Lynden O. Pind- ling; Free National Movement (FNM), Kendal Isaacs Voting strength: 73,309 regis...

...atter-day Sodom and Gomorrah, a cesspool of immorality and spiritual decay. To many European liberals, the United states is a throwback to darker ag... ... street, even in "progressive" Arab countries, such as Egypt and Jordan. Everyone - Europeans and Arabs, Asians and Africans - think that "the spre... ...acerbated by the haughty hectoring of the ubiquitous American missionaries of the "free-market-cum-democracy" church. Americans everywhere aggressi... ...y to the environmental constraints of the Kyoto Protocol, the rulings of the World Trade Organization, and the rigors of global intellectual proper... ...at its convenience. Its soldiers and peacekeepers, its bankers and businessmen, its traders and diplomats are its long arms, an embodiment of this p... ...s has aided and abetted countless murderous dictatorships. This alleged sponsor of free trade is the most protectionist of rich nations. This osten... ... aided and abetted countless murderous dictatorships. This alleged sponsor of free trade is the most protectionist of rich nations. This ostensible... ...and, America is isolationist. Its denizens erroneously believe that the Land of the Free and the Home of the Brave is an economically self-sufficien... ...Why America is Hated The Iraqi and the Madman God's Diplomacy and Human Conflicts European intellectuals yearn for the mutually exclusive: an Amer...

... the perpetuation and refinement of crafts. 3. From Whence Cometh Indo-European Tongues? Did a freshwater lake community flee a saltwater surge ... ...f democracies. 13. He Unchained Books The German goldsmith’s invention frees access to library books and breaks the chains of ignorance that held... ...ext, most of those once-wondrous machines were junked before 2000. 19. Free Self-Learning Laboratories. Public libraries give the ordinary citize... ..., they’re gone. 21. The Seeds of Cyberspace ―As long as scientists are free to pursue the truth wherever it may lead, new scientific knowledge wi... ... the huge depression we know today as the Black Sea? Whence Cometh Indo-European Tongues? In prehistoric times—antedating written history by mil... ... Salt sea buried freshwater sands That process may have spawned the Indo-European family of languages, but lacking the power of the written word, n... ...the idea of property—now in the form of land, labor, and commodities—came trade and the need to keep accounts. Judicial systems built upon oral decr... ...nd was worn as mark of imperial or royal rank. Phoenicians were seafaring traders using manpowered sailing galleys. They transported goods all acros... ... for silk. That freed its silk industry to increase profits from the silk trade by concentrating on producing the cloth fabric. Following the lead ...

...INESS FP_bleed.indd 1 9/9/11 9:34 AM 10 APEC 2011 · HAWAII BUSINESS Freedom From Fossil Fuel Hawai‘i, The CleanTech Paradise Hawai‘i, blessed w... .... All the rich indigenous resources will allow our state to quickly break free from its dependence on imported oil and create an expansive economy ... ...ech Paradise at kuokoa.com. AN AGGRESSIVE TRANSFORMATION The Kü‘oko‘a Plan frees Hawai‘i from its dependence on fossil fuels, creates a sustainable ... ...stainable technology to power the future awai‘i’s sunny skies, reliable trade winds, volcanoes and four-season growing year make it an ideal loca... ...mercial solar power. The Hawai‘i operating company is part of a publicly traded corporation that is itself a subsidiary of a Fortune Global 500 en... ...ergy In the aftermath of the Fukushima nuclear-plant disaster, Japan and European nations have increasingly explored the potential of clean energy ... ...ent of Hoku Solar Inc. and chief strategy ofcer of Hoku Solar’s publicly traded parent, Hoku Corp. “We think that the U.S. market is in its infanc... ...g,” or surfng In 1778, English seafarer Capt. James Cook became the frst European to record a visit to the Hawaiian Islands, which the British nam... ...had begun. Thus, it was King who described surfng for the frst time to a European audience. Describing diversions of the populace, King said, “the...

... "irrationally" sacrifice resources to reward forthcoming collaborators and punish free-riders. It even fails to account for simpler forms of appar... ...tical purposes, that most natural resources - when not egregiously abused and when freely priced - are infinite rather than scarce. The anthropolog... ...Technology and innovation are supposed to achieve the former - rational governance, free trade, and free markets the latter. The telegraph, the te... ...ology and innovation are supposed to achieve the former - rational governance, free trade, and free markets the latter. The telegraph, the telepho... ...rto. Operations research, mathematical modeling, transparent decision making, free trade, and professional management - help better allocate these ... ... dimension of risk: "The Chicago Board Options Exchange's VIX index, a measure of traders' expectations of share price gyrations, in July reached ... ...What rate of inflation is desirable? The answer is: it depends on whom you ask. The European Central Bank maintains an annual target of 2 percent. O... ...conomic assessment of oligopolies under the Community Merger Control Regulation, in European Competition law Review (Vol 4, Issue 3), Juan Briones ... ...0 million per airline. The Americans later extended the coverage until mid-May. The Europeans followed suit. Despite this public display of commitme...

...-13 2. The Revival of International Monetary Fund 16-17 3. The Collapse of Trade Finance 26 4. The Foreign Exchange Market in India 62 5. Exotic Curre... ...pendent States CRAs Credit Rating Agencies ECA Europe and Central Asia ECB European Central Bank EU European Union FDI Foreign Direct Investment FII F... ...t Investment FII Foreign Institutional Investor FOREX Foreign Exchange FTA Free Trade Agreement GATS General Agreement on Trade in Services GCC Gulf C... ...estment FII Foreign Institutional Investor FOREX Foreign Exchange FTA Free Trade Agreement GATS General Agreement on Trade in Services GCC Gulf Cooper... ...o Finance Institutions MSE Micro and Small Enterprise NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement NBFCs Non-Banking Financial Companies NGOs Non-Governm... ...ance Institutions MSE Micro and Small Enterprise NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement NBFCs Non-Banking Financial Companies NGOs Non-Governmental... ...ve to verify borrowers’ credit history. Securitization also helped lenders free up capital for more lending, as they no longer had to put money aside ... ...rvened to inject liquidity into the global financial system because US and European investment banks no longer wanted to lend money to each other beca... ... expected over the next few years. Out of total $2.8 trillion write-downs, European banks are likely to account for $1.6 trillion. To restore confiden...

...t developing APEC economies are more open that developed ones. However, on intra-APEC trade, study findings indicate an increasing trend of intra-re... ...re on their currencies and stock markets. As capital flow was disrupted, cross border trade activity was also disrupted significantly. Even thoug... ...ments, and price determination of financial instruments, and facilitate international trade (Besley and Brigham 2009). In their paper, Gadanecz ... ...er, Gadanecz and Jayaram (2008) cites a definition of financial market stability from European Central Bank (2007) which is “a condition in which the... ...gh especially in parts of emerging Europe. The October 2009 GFSR showed that “Western European banks appear able to absorb deteriorating credit cond... ... by the governments. The level of vulnerabilities was different among economies. - European Union Crisis in some euro areas triggered by existing... ...s As an organization which is committed to fostering regional economic integration, free and open markets, and security of peoples in 21 member ec... ... investment regimes. Thus, besides reducing barriers to trade and investment through free trade agreements and regional trading arrangements, and ... ...in each member economy in serving as drivers of economic growth. Such factors include free and open markets, productivity, competitiveness and effici...