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...Charles Darwin’s Origin of Species (publ. 1859) is a pivotal work in scientific literature and arguably the pivotal work in evolutionary biology. The book’s full title is On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. It introduced the theory that populations evolve over the ...

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...my of Sciences in Mos- cow, and an MSc in bio-cybernetics from the Faculty of Biology and Cybernetics at the Institute of Science at St. Petersburg ... ...tion, we have accumulated sufficient experience to understand where Nature’s evolutionary law is leading us. The picture we will gradually present t... ...al stage, as civilization evolves toward compre- hensive harmony. According to evolutionary biologist Elisabet Sah- touris, at the end of the process ... ...e elements unite into a single, harmonious system. She used as an example the evolutionary process of life on Earth. Billions of years ago, Earth wa... ...ality of altruism is our purpose in life. We are pushed toward it by Nature’s evolutionary law through egoism itself. Nature’s purpose is for us to ... ...paths: Chapter Five: Obeying Nature’s Law 89 1. Promoting ourselves in the evolutionary process by recognizing our egoistic Nature as harmful an... ... Origin of an Altruistic Gene, published May 2006 in the Journal of Molecular Biology and Evolution. 14 From the biological point of view, it is cus...

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...y of man now. It has become the enemy of man because the potential of the evolutionary process is thwarted by the culture's creation of a perfect ma... ...lly speaking, the individual is an extraordinary piece of creation by the evolutionary process. So I say that every individual is unique. Whatever i... ... themselves is lost. _______ I can't say there is any such thing as an evolutionary process but there seems to be. What its nature is, what its p... ...me flower, but this end product of human evolution cannot be used by this evolutionary process as a model to create another one. If it throws out on... ...reserve the perfume of that because if you preserve it, it will stink. The evolutionary process or movement is not interested in using the one that i... ...ical and physical state. We function in a thought sphere and not in our biology. The separative thought structure which is the totality of man's t...

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...e sciences. Fundamental and historical development in the sciences. Great ideas that revolutionize our scientific world. The story of the cell and Biology. The birth of modern Biology. The rise of the modern University and experimental stations. The cell as the basic building block of life. The origin of life. The development of microbiology and microscopy. The ge...

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...CE STARTED WITH THE GREAT MEN AND WOMEN OF SCIENCE ABSTRACT ON THE GENESIS OF AN ORDERLY AND SYSTEMATIC UNIVERSE 68 THE STORY OF THE CELL AND BIOLOGY 73 BIOLOGY AS A SCIENCE 73 BIOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION, HIERARCHY OF LIFE 73 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 74 THE BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES OF THE FUTURE 76 MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 77 ABSTRACT ON OUR BEAUTIFUL GREEN PL...

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...This is the first of two distinct, but interrelated books which seeks to offer an alternative evolutionary scenario to our current standard Neo-Darwinian model by way of a scientifically-guided thought experiment. Book One is based upon the accumulative research spanning the past 200 years of a diverse range of highly...

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... and Co-Director of Computational Physiology) sums up the situation quite succinctly in the following: PHYSIOLOGY IS ROCKING THE FOUNDATIONS OF BIOLOGY In this article, I will show that all the central assumptions of the Modern Synthesis (often also called Neo-Darwinism) have been disproved. Moreover, they have been disproved in ways that raise the tantalizing prosp...

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...to write this book, but reasons to read it anyway INTRODUCTION EVOLUTION BY OTHER MEANS...? CHAPTER ONE D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson (1860 – 1948) EVOLUTIONARY SCALING LAWS OF LIFE The Matryoshka Principle CHAPTER TWO Alan Mathison Turing (1912-1954) THE TURING ENIGMA Morphogenesis and the other coding system of life CHAPTER THREE Alexander Graham Cairns-Smith T...

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... investors based on their governing risk-return preferences involving financial structured products manufactured out of complex, multi-asset options. Evolutionary superiority of the Black-Scholes function in dynamic hedging scenarios is computationally demonstrated using a haploid genetic algorithm model programmed in Borland C. The work explores, both theoretically and co...

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...ional Implementation of a Genetic Algorithm Scheme to Illustrate the Evolutionary Efficiency of Black-Scholes Delta Hedging Using Multi-as... ...ial structured products manufactured out of complex, multi-asset options. Evolutionary superiority of the Black-Scholes function in dynamic hedging ... ...ngineering this type of synthetic portfolio insurance as it has ingrained evolutionary optimality. This is exactly what we have computationally demo... ... given in Appendix (ii). Having computationally demonstrated the evolutionary optimality of a Black-Scholes type expected payoff (utility) ... ...e accepts the biological origin of utility forms, any sufficiently robust evolutionary algorithm should show convergence with a Black Scholes type ex... ... Becker, G. S. Altruism, Egoism and Genetic Fitness: Economics and Socio-biology. Journal of Economic Literature 14, 1976: 817–26. Bem, D. J. ...

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...: Basic aspects and dynamics of the Organic Universe and Organic Life. 3: The origins of modern humans going back 25 million years. 4: Human Psycho-biology. 5: The beginnings of civilization. 6: The effect of civilization upon humans. 7: Death, the existence of evil and its effect on humans. Offered as a free E-book at: http://thepathofsplitness.com/ ...

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...ental design of organic cells splitting is nothing new. Anyone who has taken Biology will recognize it. How organic cells split, how Life works is ... ... our awareness from: to: This was the first major evolutionary split that created walking apes: changing a monkey that us... ... stop and look for food; this increased the range of their mobility. The evolutionary result of eating half-rotted, cut-up, burnt, boiled food f... ...e 4.7 million year span of hominids evolving into humans; is that this entire evolutionary process was going on only in the upper half of this animal... ...cial of all, and the most intangible. It is the culmination of hominid-human evolutionary change into a new way of living-surviving. Not by instin... ...s of things to the extent tool-using apes did. Restatement of Hominid-Human Evolutionary Development: The First major imbalanced split: into two... ...heir facts into unconnected, detached, fields of bullshit called Physics, and Biology, and Organic Chemistry. Then they isolate the facts inside ea... ...quation ever used in mathematics, in technology, in Physics, in Astronomy, in Biology, in Particle Physics is wrong… They will have to admit that al... ...a profound insight like that. You have to go to University and specialize in biology to learn that… huh? Somebody explain this to me… I don’t unde...

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...ity in integrating a sufficiently wide range of evidence for his mental synthesis theory (such as research on language, vision science, neuroanatomy, evolutionary history of primates, and archaeological/paleontological evidence of tool and art creation and usages).” —RICHARD J. HARRINGTON, Professor of Anthropology, Integrative Centers for Science and Medicine “It is w...

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...arles Darwin proposed that species evolve under the influence of natural selection (Darwin C, 1859), have been marked by great discoveries. Molecular biology described the genetic principles underlying species evolution and identified specific changes in the human genome since our lineage split off from the chimpanzee line about six million years ago (Somel M, 2013). Great...

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...7. Introduction: a quick guide to paleoanthropology 136 Chapter 8. Cognitive evolution through the prism of paleontological evidence 160 Chapter 9. Evolutionary pressure drives better predator detection 191 Chapter 10. Overall Discussion of Part 2 219 Part 3. The “last” mutation 254 Chapter 11. The role of the prefrontal cortex in the process of mental synthesis 2...

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...rm between the creature and the Creator.” The wisdom of Kabbalah depicts each evolutionary stage of the will to receive from the very first stage of... ...he matter that forms our world is created. Our world has experienced several evolutionary eras, and today we are at a stage where we are starting t... ...ed (Figure 5). Figure 5 T H E N AT U R E O F M AT T E R 37 At its preliminary evolutionary stage, humanity has physical desires for sustenance, repr... ...m. B) These desires can only be realized within a social framework. The final evolutionary stage is the craving for knowledge and erudition. We want... ...a mere machine evolved as an offshoot of research in physics, chemistry, and biology. Eventually, physicists produced a perception that hu- mans are... ...n this mechanical worldview. Until the 1930’s, the predominant belief was that biology was different from all other sciences. It was believed that al... ...living entity that was not mere matter. However, the evolution of contemporary biology could take place only after it was decided to discard the idea... ...eering, T H E C R E D I B I L I T Y O F Q UA N T U M T H E O RY 81 molecular biology, and pharmacology progressed through the life- less mechanistic... ...therefore, to open our eyes and see what is presently hidden from us. All our evolutionary states are preordained in the Thought of Creation, but th...

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...s important a determinant as any drive. Society came in through the parental door. Biology converged with social injunctions to yield human values ... ...ot be considered an adaptative strategy. Horney's is an optimistic outlook. Because biology is only one of the forces shaping our adulthood – cultur... ...eristics, such as facial and pubic hair are first order phenomena. Can genetics and biology account for male and female behavior patterns and social... ...student of his, Wendy Wood, now a professor at the Texas A&M University: "Like (the evolutionary psychologists), Eagly and Wood reject social constr... ...ure - not about emulating it. The more perplexing question remains: what are the evolutionary and biological advantages of recreational sex and h... ...homosexuality and other forms of non-reproductive, pleasure-seeking sex may be key evolutionary mechanisms and integral drivers of population dynam... ...sults. Heterosexuality is but one strategy among a few optimal solutions. Studying biology may yet lead to greater tolerance for the vast repertory...

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...otonicity. In bio-mathematics Heitkoetter and Beasley (1993-1999) present the evolutionary algorithms which are used “to describe computer-based pr... ...mutation, and reproduction, the evolution of individual structures. The major evolutionary algorithms studied are: genetic algorithm (a model of ma... ...re: genetic algorithm (a model of machine learning based on genetic operators), evolutionary programming (a stochastic optimization strategy based on... ...996. [17] Heitkoetter, Joerg; David Beasley, David, The Hitch-Hiker’s Guide to Evolutionary Computing, Encore, http://surf.de.uu.net/encore/, ftp:... ... 'fitness' in our experiments (the same 'reproductive' concept that is used in evolutionary biology) was actually a simplified overall value - surviv... ... our experiments (the same 'reproductive' concept that is used in evolutionary biology) was actually a simplified overall value - survival. From thi... ...n in Hierarchically Organized Biological Systems. Studies in the Philosophy of Biology, F.J. Ayala & T. Dobzhansky (ed.). Macmillan Press. [6] Can...

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...on-random principle (such as the increase in order). This, exactly, is the case in biology. There is no reason in principle why not to construct a ... ...y the Jews attest to the veracity of this discovery. Judaism is founded on shared biology as much as shared history and customs. As a religion, it... ...improve our chances to survive. The communication of emotions is of an unparalleled evolutionary importance and a species devoid of the ability to c... ...reasing complexity of the wiring of the brain as pregnancy progresses. The latest evolutionary phase in programming is OOPS (Object Oriented Progr... ...motionally, intuitively, know" what is meaning and that it exists. If we ignore the evolutionary explanation (a false sense of meaning was instilled... ...antic, divergent changes in where the system "settles down" (finds a solution). In biology Gould and others have modified the theory of evolution t... ...volution, from natural to artificial selection, and from genes to memes? Does the evolutionary process culminate in a being that transcends its ge... ...legal system. Women's rights are being legally as well as informally secured in an evolutionary process, punctuated by minor legal revolutions. 4... ...s will be to preserve and transfer knowledge through time. It is called "memory" in biology - and "archive" in library science. The history of the I...

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...on-random principle (such as the increase in order). This, exactly, is the case in biology. There is no reason in principle why not to construct a ... ...y the Jews attest to the veracity of this discovery. Judaism is founded on shared biology as much as shared history and customs. As a religion, it... ...improve our chances to survive. The communication of emotions is of an unparalleled evolutionary importance and a species devoid of the ability to c... ...reasing complexity of the wiring of the brain as pregnancy progresses. The latest evolutionary phase in programming is OOPS (Object Oriented Progr... ...motionally, intuitively, know" what is meaning and that it exists. If we ignore the evolutionary explanation (a false sense of meaning was instilled... ...antic, divergent changes in where the system "settles down" (finds a solution). In biology Gould and others have modified the theory of evolution t... ...volution, from natural to artificial selection, and from genes to memes? Does the evolutionary process culminate in a being that transcends its ge... ...legal system. Women's rights are being legally as well as informally secured in an evolutionary process, punctuated by minor legal revolutions. 4... ...s will be to preserve and transfer knowledge through time. It is called "memory" in biology - and "archive" in library science. The history of the I...

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...people become more aware of some of the sciences, particularly astronomy, biology and geology, and as they try to fit their scriptural beliefs into t... ...he empirical scientists, especially those in astro-physics, astronomy and biology. They see both the order and the disorder in the universe. And whe... ...suming a god hypothesis then try to prove it with the various sciences of biology, physics, cosmology and such. You could even look for verifiable h... ...ning any creating supernatural entity. Lawyers‘ educations do not explore evolutionary biology. A medical education does not make you an expert on a... ...ting supernatural entity. Lawyers‘ educations do not explore evolutionary biology. A medical education does not make you an expert on astro-physics ... ... should be an expert in logic, in comparative religions, in cosmology, in evolutionary biology. Would a high school or college graduate have such ex... ...every representative of the people has a PhD in economics, astro-physics, evolutionary biology, philosophy and history. But the huge majority are la... ...about the pre-human Australopithicus, but we don‘t have evidence of every evolutionary change from some sort of ape to homo sapiens. But as newer sc... ... humans evolved but God guided the process. Only 15% believe in a non-God evolutionary process. (40) But Americans are not alone in their anti-scie...

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...on-random principle (such as the increase in order). This, exactly, is the case in biology. There is no reason in principle why not to construct a ... ...antic, divergent changes in where the system "settles down" (finds a solution). In biology Gould and others have modified the theory of evolution ... ...rise to black holes? The vanishing masses of black branes delineate a cosmological evolutionary tree - from a universe with one topology to another... ... "sciences" (e.g., to economics and psychology) and even to more robust fields like biology or medicine. Yet no one disputes the existence of econom... ...ts that a super-intellect has monkeyed with physics, as well as with chemistry and biology, and that there are no blind forces worth speaking about... ...psychotic disorders. The exceptions are (arguably) the disciplines of medicine and biology. A phenomenology of ossified bodies of knowledge would m... ...s always an agent of conservation, preservation and conformity. Thus, the creative-evolutionary dimension of the now- dead discipline is gone. No ne...

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...pectively. They are useful in artificial intelligence, neural networks, evolutionary programming, neutrosophic dynamic systems, and quantum mechan... ... of n folks, when everybody talks? We know without knowing. In biology which one, the fixist theory or evolutionist theory of beings, is t... ...city. In bio-mathematics Heitkoetter and Beasley (1993-1999) present the evolutionary algorithms which are used “to describe computer-based problem... ...ion, and reproduction, the evolution of individual structures. The major evolutionary algorithms studied are: genetic algorithm (a model of machine... ...enetic algorithm (a model of machine learning based on genetic operators), evolutionary programming (a stochastic optimization strategy based on link... ... [70] Heitkoetter, Joerg; David Beasley, David, The Hitch-Hiker’s Guide to Evolutionary Computing, Encore, http://surf.de.uu.net/encore/, ftp://gnom...

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...way – how to be filled with the light of the Creator. You can learn about evolutionary processes in our world through books that were written by sci... ...at everyone studies, which bears various manifestations: in mechanics, in biology, astronomy, music and so on. Thus, the division to fields is symbo... ...es are but particulars that make it up. With regards to Kabbalah – music, biology and medicine are but external phenomena that stem from that single...

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...abes, we assimilate the knowledge to make sense of speech. (Schools of biology differ on how humans acquired speech but agree that the synapsid—a... ...o dominate this planet. Spoken sound symbols—whether a gift from God or evolutionary—still underpin all information technology. First Page A... ...olars in such different fields of study as mathematics, medicine, botany, biology, zoology, geography, history, and navigation. Astronomers were q...

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... babes, we assimilate the knowledge to make sense of speech. (Schools of biology differ on how humans acquired speech but agree that the synapsid—a... ... to dominate this planet. Spoken sound symbols—whether a gift from God or evolutionary—still underpin all information technology. FIRST PAGE a... ...olars in such different fields of study as mathematics, medicine, botany, biology, zoology, geography, history, and navigation. Astronomers were qui...

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...arge proved to be calamitous to the industry. In the 1970s and 1980s, evolutionary biologists like Richard Dawkins and Rupert Sheldrake develope... ..." and transforming. Every medium of communications goes through the same evolutionary cycle: Anarchy The Public Phase At this stage, the me... ...But in a synergistic way, computing may actually be driven by advances in biology which are making it possible, as scientists learn more about DNA a... ...d may lead to new materials with exceptional qualities. - Medicine, biology, and materials science. For example, the use of transgenic goats to... ...to preserve and transfer knowledge through time. It is called "memory" in biology - and "archive" in library science. The history of the Internet is... ..." and transforming. Every medium of communications goes through the same evolutionary cycle: Anarchy The Public Phase At this stage, the mediu... ...terial). In fact, what other life-after-death more real than a son? Those evolutionary ideas! Does anybody still think it is a risk that they have ... ...to preserve and transfer knowledge through time. It is called "memory" in biology - and "archive" in library science. The history of the Internet is... ...roductivity. Developing countries better take note. Historical Note - The Evolutionary Cycle of New Media The Internet is cast by its proponents as ...

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...s such as materiality of spirit, spirituality of matter, retrogression in evolutionary progress, progress in retrogression, anti-human-rights in hum... ...patterns of society from “primitive society” to the ideal society based on evolutionary description. Why do I say ”primitive society?” Because a subl... ...losing the cycle (demise)! Generally, the point of maximum extreme on the evolutionary curve of any phenomenon is identical to a previous point to t... ...ous ways of understanding the same thing, why impose on a computer?) In biology which one, the fixist theory or the evolutionist theory of beings, ...

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...works flourished—Brother word processors and CompuServe—might appear to be an evolutionary dead end. Those alternatives are not dead. They have been on... ..., some es- tablished vendors, some street peddlers. Further, we have certain evolutionary gifts that allow us to directly judge whether food has spoil... ...s); Paul A. David, The Beginnings and Prospective Ending of “End-to-End”: An Evolutionary Perspective on the Internet’s Ar- chitecture 26 (Stanford Ec... ...ald, Guarding Against the Most Dangerous Emerging Pathogens: In- sights from Evolutionary Biology, 2 E I D, 245, 246 (Oct.– Dec... ... Against the Most Dangerous Emerging Pathogens: In- sights from Evolutionary Biology, 2 E I D, 245, 246 (Oct.– Dec. 1996) (“Lik... ...trib- uted to Leonard Adleman, a professor of computer science and molecular biology at the University of Southern California. See Wikipedia, Computer...

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... do things exist, but also about the question: what am I living for? The evolutionary processes of nature and living organisms astonish us with the... ...ngs, humanity has developed various sciences such as physics, chemistry, biology etc. They are called Natural Sciences, and they are based on man’s... ...of the universe, in space and time. The wisdom of Kabbalah can teach you biology, chemistry, physics, you name it. You can learn psychiatry throug...

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...mographic trends are not linear. They resemble the pattern, borrowed from evolutionary biology, and known as "punctuated equilibrium". It is a fits a... ...nds are not linear. They resemble the pattern, borrowed from evolutionary biology, and known as "punctuated equilibrium". It is a fits and starts af...

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... 8 ―It seems that instincts are much stronger as we climb down the evolut... ...the tragedy of disastrous parenting they would go with your licensing ideas Chuck. Huge inferiority feelings and no capacity to love, only the biolog...

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...the mechanism of the natural evolution of genetics. GAs emulate the biological evolutionary theory to solve optimization problems. In general, ... ...es of Copernicus (astronomy), Newton (mechanics), Lavoisier (chemistry) Darwin (biology), Maxwell (electromagnetism), Einstein (mechanics) and Godel... ...ar Constrained Optimization Problems with Gas, Proc. 1 st IEEE Internal Conf. Evolutionary Computation, 2 (1994) 579-584. [50, 52, 54] 287 4...

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...the mechanism of the natural evolution of genetics. GAs emulate the biological evolutionary theory to solve optimization problems. In general, ... ...es of Copernicus (astronomy), Newton (mechanics), Lavoisier (chemistry) Darwin (biology), Maxwell (electromagnetism), Einstein (mechanics) and Godel... ...ar Constrained Optimization Problems with Gas, Proc. 1 st IEEE Internal Conf. Evolutionary Computation, 2 (1994) 579-584. [50, 52, 54] 287 4...

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... have an acute sense of form and unusual mental lucidity, and she found in biology, and par- ticularly in comparative anatomy, a very considerable int... ...ou’re a biologist, aren’t you?” He began to talk of his own impressions of biology as a commonplace magazine reader who had to get what he could from ... ...THE EIGHTH THE EIGHTH THE EIGHTH THE EIGHTH THE EIGHTH BIOL BIOL BIOL BIOL BIOLOGY OGY OGY OGY OGY P P P P Par ar ar ar art 1 t 1 t 1 t 1 t 1 JANUARY ... ... we do not propose for a moment to trouble the naturally terrified reader. Biology is an ex- traordinarily digestive science. It throws out a number o... ...about beauty when it seemed to her right that she should be thinking about biology. She was very greatly exercised by the two systems of val- ues—the ... ...believe rather indistinctly in God the Father Almighty , substratum of the evolutionary process, and, in a vein of vague sentimentality that doesn’t g...

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...be- lief in the objective reality of classification of which my studies in biology and mineralogy had largely disabused me. Logic, it seemed to me, ha... ...y,—but what is its value beyond that? Is the scientific method of value in biology? The great advances made by Darwin and his school in biology were n... ...al texture. He believed that individual- ity (heterogeneity) was and is an evolutionary product from an original homogeneity, begotten by folding and ... ...xclu- sively from them. The order is not hereditary—we know just enough of biology and the uncertainties of inheritance to know how silly that would b...

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...re to support motherhood in a state of natural infe- riority. The trend of evolutionary forces through long centu- ries of human development has been ... ...exclusively from them. The order is not hereditary— we know just enough of biology and the uncertainties of inheritance to know how silly that would b...

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...iter of Christian tracts. His father, Philip Henry Gosse, is an influential, though largely self-taught, invertebrate zoologist and student of marine biology who, after his wife's death, takes Edmund to live in Devon. The book focuses on the father's response to the new evolutionary theories, especially those of his scientific colleague Charles Darwin, and Edmund's gradual...

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... it, we engage on a purely scientific study of economics, criminology, and biology, and find that our practical conclusions are virtually those of Jes... ...so, as we now see, a first-rate biologist. It took a century and a half of evolutionary preachers, from Buffon 63 Preface to Androcles and the Lion a... ...at, in cohort, we are gods though we die like men. All that is today sound biology and psychology; and the efforts of Natural Selectionists like Weism... ...ppier than a nation of Wesleys; and its individuals would be higher in the evolutionary scale. At all events it is in the Socratic man and not in the ...

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...ss for non- technical expression, and in which a man who knows a little of biology, a little of physical science, and a little in a practi- cal way of... ... Welt als Wille und Vorstellung. 15 H G Wells penetrating analysis of the evolutionary process by Darwin and his followers and successors and antagon... ... science of heredity, this unworked mine of knowledge on the borderland of biology and an- thropology, which for all practical purposes is as unworked... ...cal silences that follow great controversies, nakedly ignorant of geology, biology, psychol- ogy, and modern biblical criticism; or it may have no def... ...od- ern political or social science, and if he knows anything at all about evolutionary science and heredity it is probably mat- ter picked up in a ca... ...tral idea of the Biological Course. A general review of the whole field of Biology—not only of the Natural History of the present but of the geologica... ... record—in relation to the known laws and the various main theories of the evolutionary process 202 Mankind in the Making will be taken, and in addit...

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...gy—but what is its value beyond that? Is the scientific method of value in biology? The great advances made by Darwin and his school in biol- ogy were... ...al texture. He believed that individual- ity (heterogeneity) was and is an evolutionary product from an original homogeneity. It seems to me that the ... ... so forth. I wish, in- deed, it were possible to believe that substituting biology for Greek prose composition or history with models and photo- 161 ... ...utionary Socialism of the continent of Europe than to the constructive and evolutionary Social- ism of Great Britain. Its typical organ is The Appeal ...

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...s. If there 78 Democracy & Education were any strict “law” of repetition, evolutionary develop- ment would clearly not have taken place. Each new gen... ...tive ac- cord with nature has been reinforced by the development of modern biology, physiology, and psychology. It means, in effect, that great as is ... ... the methods of the sciences of physics and chemis- try, to say nothing of biology, were much further advanced. The same is largely true of history. M... ...han to philosophy. For obviously it is to mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, anthropology, history, etc. that we must go, not to philosophy, to... ... from all ac- tivity, complete on its own account. (ii) The development of biology clinches this lesson, with its discovery of evolution. For the phil... ...ing direction and meaning to another. The recent ad- vances in physiology, biology, and the logic of the ex- perimental sciences supply the specific i...

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...suasion. “Fear,” to quote a writer of the school, “has had its uses in the evolutionary process, and seems to con- stitute the whole of forethought in... ... principle, though plausible at first sight, seems, in the light of recent biology, to be more and more im- probable. The second principle is one of a...