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Basic Neutrosophic Algebraic Structures and Their Application to Fuzzy and Neutrosophic Models

By: W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy and Florentin Smarandache

... 1 Basic Neutrosophic Algebraic Structures and Their Application to Fuzzy and Neutrosophic Models ... ... 5 Chapter One INTRODUCTION TO SOME NEUTROSOPHIC ALGEBRAIC STRUCTURES 1.1 Neutrosophic Fields 7 1.2 Neutrosophic Vector spaces ... ... 1.2 Neutrosophic Vector spaces 8 Chapter Two SOME BASIC RESULTS ON GRAPH THEORY AND THEIR APPLICATION TO FUZZY MODELS 2.1 Some basics... ...GRAPH THEORY AND THEIR APPLICATION TO FUZZY MODELS 2.1 Some basics on Graphs 18 2.2. More Properties on Graphs 26 2.3 Directed Graphs 32 2... ... 37 2.5 Independent – Sets and matchings 40 2.6 Eulerian and Hamiltonian Graphs 44 2.7 Graph Colorings 52 2.8 Application of Graphs to Fuzzy M... ...E AUTHORS 149 5 Preface Study of neutrosophic algebraic structures is very recent. The introduction of neutrosophic theory has p... ... of the fuzzy models which deal with the analysis and study of unsupervised data make use of the directed graphs or bipartite graphs. Thus the use o... ...d by fuzzy theory. The causal structure of fuzzy cognitive maps from sample data [33-34] mainly uses the notion of fuzzy signed directed graphs with... ...cations of fuzzy theory is a grand one for most of analysis of unsupervised data are very successfully carried out by the use of Fuzzy Cognitive Map...

...theory and when indeterminacy is involved we use neutrosophic theory. Most of the fuzzy models which deal with the analysis and study of unsupervised data make use of the directed graphs or bipartite graphs. Thus the use of graphs has become inevitable in fuzzy models. The neutrosophic models are fuzzy models that permit the factor of indeterminacy. It also plays a signifi...

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Fuzzy and Neutrosophic Analysis of Women with Hiv/Aids

By: W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy and Florentin Smarandache

...316 5 Preface Fuzzy theory is one of the best tools to analyze data, when the data under study is an unsupervised one, involving unc... ...coupled with imprecision. However, fuzzy theory cannot cater to analyzing the data involved with indeterminacy. The only tool that can involve itsel... ... feelings (emotions) of the HIV/AIDS affected women, which is an unsupervised data, we present more of the non-mathematical description of how our m... .... Now we proceed on to define a FRM. DEFINITION 2.1.1: A FRM is a directed graph or a map from D to R with concepts like policies or events etc, ... ...e Q and r set of nodes in the space R. We can directly find FRMs or directed graphs relating P and Q, FRMs or directed graphs relating Q and R. ... ... FRMs. Thus by this method even if we are not in a position to get directed graph using the expert we can indirectly obtain the FRMs relating them... ...daughters Meena and Kama. Her current interests include Smarandache algebraic structures, fuzzy theory, coding/ communication theory. In the past de... ...ries, consisting of ten research books on the topic of Smarandache Algebraic Structures which were published by the American Research Press. Sh... ...s are in number theory, non-Euclidean geometry, synthetic geometry, algebraic structures, statistics, and multiple valued logic (fuzzy logic and fuz...

...Fuzzy theory is one of the best tools to analyze data, when the data under study is an unsupervised one, involving uncertainty coupled with imprecision. However, fuzzy theory cannot cater to analyzing the data involved with indeterminacy. The only tool that can involve its...

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A Guide To the Hidden Wisdom of Kabbalah

By: Rav Michael Laitman

...of years. Along with logical assumptions, science uses quantifiable research and data. Yet our scientists and researchers have discovered that the mo... ...bbalah utilizes many mathematical concepts such as matrices, geometry, numbers, graphs, characters and letters, etc. These approaches are codes, sho... ...ed to develop a perception of the upper worlds and described the mechanisms and structures of those worlds in their writings. Methods of establishin... ...terized by “Dalet-Dalet,” and is denoted by (4,4). The next Partzuf retains the data that now it is capable to fill itself up with Light, which corr...

...avior have been studied by scientists and philosophers for thousands of years. Along with logical assumptions, science uses quantifiable research and data. Yet our scientists and researchers have discovered that the more they advance in their research, the more obscure and confusing they find the world to be....

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G-Dimensional Theory & the Smarandache Quantum Paradoxes : Comparative Logic and Modern Quantum Theory

By: L. Stephen Young

... Hence, we again see the need for comparative physical models in generating data concerning the nature of scientific enigmas. Accordingly, a second ... ... (12) tan(φ) = sin(Φ) / [sec(θ)cos(Φ) - v] . (12.1) Graph 1. Apparent Angle vs. velocity in k' ; v = 0.8 c 0 0.1 0.2 ... ... dichotomy between k and k' is evident; σ e = b : |{Φ < π/2}, {φ > π/2}|. (Graph 1.) Velocity addition (v, u) proceeds in the classic manner [14]... ... 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 0 π/2 π 3π/2 2π Angle of Incidence (Φ) Graph 2. Relative Doppler Frequency (ν ν ν ν) Equations (7.2): sol... ... phenomena, are defined as reference to their affects: atomic and molecular structures. The goal is a logical system of hypotheses, which provide ca... ... physical properties of common isotopes and their tendencies for noble-like structures ―within the geometry of cubic symmetry. Helium and hydrogen ... ...kely reveal their most logical configurations. 15. This model conforms to data on elemental electronic energy levels. For example in an isolated a... ... SQP Set in MT & GDT Comparative Physics We now have presented a sufficient database of physical systems theory in GDT to begin a comparative study ... ...om light transmitted through matter fields, e.g. in transparent crystalline structures? It appears this is not the case, in fact, radiation in the x-...

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From Chaos to Harmony

By: Rav Michael Laitman

...eignty, and knowledge, prompted the evolution of human society and its social structures: education, cul- ture, science, and technology. Humanity mar... ...d by Israel Prologue 29 Anti-Drug Authority revealed that compared to past data, there is an alarming amount of drug abuse among young people. In... ...ducing social classes, hierarchical systems, and changes in the socioeconomic structures. Subsequently, there came the desire to enjoy knowl- edge. T... ...les, even when sep- arated by space and time. This phenomenon pertains to all structures in the universe, from the smallest to the greatest. Thus, t... ...ected, as it should be.” From generation to generation, the souls accumulate data, which eventually brings us to our present level of evolution. At... ...mpact of the evolution of genera- tions before us, we can compare the internal data within us to units of information. Such units of information are ... ... elements of the ego and the phases to correct each of them in detail. Using graphs, charts, and calculations, Kabbalah leads the individual throug...

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Applications of Bimatrices to Some Fuzzy and Neutrosophic Models

By: Florentin Smarandache

...S AND APPLICATIONS TO NEUTROSOPHIC MODELS 4.1 Some Basics of Neutrosophic graphs 151 4.2 Neutrosophic Bigraphs and their Properties 158 4.3 Ne... ...41 INDEX 263 ABOUT THE AUTHORS 272 5 Preface Graphs and matrices play a vital role in the analysis and study of sev... ...dy of several of the real world problems which are based only on unsupervised data. The fuzzy and neutrosophic tools like fuzzy cognitive maps inven... ...al tools like bimatrices, trimatrices, n-matrices, bigraphs, trigraphs and n-graphs and describe some of its properties. These concepts are also ex... ...ed bimatrices. FCMs work on opinion of the experts given on the unsupervised data. The main advantage of this system is it can give the hidden patt... ... its interrelated definitions. FCMs have a major role to play mainly when the data concerned is an unsupervised one. Further this method is most sim... ...r repulsion. But it is forgotten in all these situations we may have molecule structures which need not attract or repel but remain without action o... ...phs and n = 4 we say the graphs as quad graphs. The main motivation for these structures are they have application in fuzzy and neutrosophic real mo... ...zilirmak/UODissertation/uozes mi5.pdf 99. Padilla, R. Smarandache algebraic structures, Smarandache Notions Journal, 9, 36-38, 1998. 100. Park, ...

...Graphs and matrices play a vital role in the analysis and study of several of the real world problems which are based only on unsupervised data. The fuzzy and neutrosophic tools like fuzzy cognitive maps invented by Kosko an...

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Introduction to Linear Bialgebra

By: Florentin Smarandache

...BIALGEBRA AND ITS APPLICATION 4.1 Some basic neutrosophic algebraic structures 131 4.2 Smarandache neutrosophic linear bialgebra 170 4.3 ... ...oding or communication theory, Markov chains, representation of groups and graphs, Leontief economic models and so on. This book has for the first t... ...sophic linear bialgebra and also give the applications of these algebraic structures. It is important to mention here it is a matter of simple ex... ...f bigroups. The fourth chapter introduces several neutrosophic algebraic structures since they help in defining the new concept of neutrosophic li... ... – C) –1 < 0. The reader is expected to construct real models by taking data's from several industries. Thus one can develop several other proper... ...etween members of a set introduced, we have studied the theory of directed graphs to mathematically model the types of sets and relation. On simila... ....5.2 P' 2 P' 1 P' 6 P' 5 P' 4 G 2 103 the vertex matrix associated with graph the G 1 and M 2 is the vertex matrix associated with graph the G ... ...a role in the study of NRMs and in fact we give a method of conversion of data from NRMs to NCMs. As both the models NRMs and NCMs work on the ad...

...f the subjects which yields itself to applications to several fields like coding or communication theory, Markov chains, representation of groups and graphs, Leontief economic models and so on. This book has for the first time, introduced a new algebraic structure called linear bialgebra, which is also a very powerful algebraic tool that can yield itself to applications. ...

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Fuzzy Interval Matrices, Neutrosophic Interval Matrices and Their Applications

By: Florentin Smarandache; W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy

...terval matrices, interval neutrosophic matrices and fuzzy neutrosophic interval matrices but have also demonstrated some of its applications when the data under study is an unsupervised one and when several experts analyze the problem....

...h was introduced by Bart Kosko in the year 1986. We also give several of its interrelated definitions. FCMs have a major role to play mainly when the data concerned is an unsupervised one. Further this method is most simple and an effective one as it can analyse the data by directed graphs and connection matrices. DEFINITION 1.2.1: An FCM is a directed graph with concepts...

...ion of Interval Matrices and Examples 8 1.2 Definition of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps 9 1.3 An Introduction to Neutrosophy 13 1.4 Some Basic Neutrosophic Structures 16 1.5 Some Basic Notions about Neutrosophic Graphs 22 1.6 On Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps with Examples 28 1.7 Definition and Illustration of Fuzzy Relational Maps (FRMs) 33 1.8 Introduction to Fuzzy Associativ...

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Fuzzy Analysis of School Dropouts and Their Life After

By: Florentin Smarandache; W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy

...k authors study and analyze the problem of school dropouts and their life after. The problems can by no means be analyzed by collecting the numerical data. For such data can only serve as information beyond that the data can be of no use, for the school dropouts suffer an environment change after becoming a school dropout. Thus the emotions of the school dropout; is techni...

...rovide also the references for these concepts. Bart Kosko introduced the Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs) in the year 1986. Fuzzy Cognitive Maps are fuzzy structures that strongly resemble neural networks, and they have powerful and far-reaching consequences as a mathematical tool for modeling complex systems. FCM was a fuzzy extension of the cognitive map pioneered in 1976 by ...

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Analysis of Social Aspects of Migrant Labourers Living with Hiv/Aids Using Fuzzy Theory and Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps

By: W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy and Florentin Smarandache

...Nadu (a southernmost state in India) remain indeterminate apart from the data being an unsupervised one. At the outset, we first emphasize that the... ...stionnaire without which we would not have been in a position to get this data. We thank our research scholars Mr.Ganesan, Mr.Kanagamuthu and Mr.Na... ...could comprehend the risk-behaviours better and correlate it with the raw data/information/feelings that we derived from the interviews when we look... ...and made on the mathematical knowledge of the reader is very meager. Also graphs are given to make the understanding simple and easy. The tools used... ...0 0 1 0 The row sum matrix ⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎦ ⎤ ⎢ ⎢ ⎢ ⎣ ⎡ − 6 4 1 20 The graph depicting the maximum age group of the migrant labourers who are aff... ...ix Age Group 21 The row sum matrix ⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎦ ⎤ ⎢ ⎢ ⎢ ⎣ ⎡ − 6 5 1 The graph depicting the maximum age group of the migrant labourers who are aff... ...pulsion. But it is forgotten in all these situations we may have molecule structures which need not attract or repel but remain without action or no... .... It is these village institutions that have controlled and developed the structures of administration, it is this system that ensures the day-to-da... ...hters Meena and Kama. Her current interests include Smarandache algebraic structures, fuzzy theory, coding/ communication theory. In the past decade...

...psycho, socio, economic problems of these HIV/AIDS patients from rural Tamil Nadu (a southernmost state in India) remain indeterminate apart from the data being an unsupervised one. At the outset, we first emphasize that the study and analysis (and there by the conclusions and suggestions) pertain only to migrant labourers from rural Tamil Nadu who are poor and uneducated ...

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Fuzzy Cognitive Maps and Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps

By: W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy and Florentin Smarandache

...hoenix 2003 2 The picture on the cover is a neutrosophic directed graph of the Neutrosophic Relational Map exhibiting the relations between ... ...NS 2.1 An introduction to neutrosophy 123 2.2 Some basic neutrosophic structures 125 2.3 Some basic notions about neutrosophic graphs 129 2.4 O... ...sic neutrosophic structures 125 2.3 Some basic notions about neutrosophic graphs 129 2.4 On neutrosophic cognitive maps with examples 134 2.5 Some ... ...the Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps (NCMs). Fuzzy Cognitive Maps are fuzzy structures that strongly resemble neural networks, and they have powerful ... ...d it to represent knowledge as an interconnected, directed, bilevel-logic graph. Till today there are over a hundred research papers which deal with... ... indeterminacy into Fuzzy theory, and by our construction of neutrosophic structures of modeling, only extended the liberty of choice to a greater le... ...han that of the FCM model in several ways mainly when the analysis of the data can be treated as two disjoint entities. Thus its application to the ... ... interrelated definitions. FCMs have a major role to play mainly when the data concerned is an unsupervised one. Further this method is most simple ... ...her this method is most simple and an effective one as it can analyse the data by directed graphs and connection matrices. DEFINITION 1.1.1: An FC...

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Fuzzy and Neutrosophic Analysis of Periyar's Views on Untouchability

By: W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy and Florentin Smarandache

...Maps 18 1.4 An Introduction to Neutrosophy and some Neutrosophic algebraic structures 22 1.5 Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps 27 1.6 Neutrosophic R... ...re, we use the tools that have been described in Chapter One. Fuzzy Directed Graphs and Neutrosophic Directed Graphs of these Fuzzy and Neutrosophi... ... and Neutrosophic models happen to be very dense. We have represented 16 such graphs in this book. In Chapter Three we give a brief introduction ab... ...its interrelated definitions. FCMs have a major role to play mainly when the data under consideration is an unsupervised one. Further this method i... ...urther this method is most simple and an effective one as it can analyse the data by directed graphs and connection matrices and give the hidden pa... ...od is most simple and an effective one as it can analyse the data by directed graphs and connection matrices and give the hidden pattern of the syst... ...ing to murder) for want of more money and so on. Thus one cannot actually get data for this but can use the expert's opinion for this unsupervised d... ...E p . 1.4 An Introduction to Neutrosophy and some Neutrosophic algebraic structures In this section we introduce the notion of neutrosophic l... ...daughters Meena and Kama. Her current interests include Smarandache algebraic structures, fuzzy theory, coding/ communication theory. In the past de...

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Smarandache Sequences, Stereograms and Series

By: Charles Ashbacher

...lass defined in the java.math package of Java. It is an extended precision data type that allows for very large numbers to be represented and manipula... ...her bases. static BigInteger base1=new BigInteger("3"); // File where the data is sent static String filename="Basevalues.txt"; static File output;... ... str1=str1+base1Value+"\n"; System.out.println(str1); // Write the data to a file. try { out.write(str1); } catch(IOExcep... ...e plot is roughly n versus log 10 n. Furthermore, the shape of the plotted graph shows a relationship that grows faster than a simple linear one. 63 ... ...gh there are some differences in the numbers, the general behavior of both graphs for the Concatenated Cube sequence is the same. Since both are incre... ...nce inside blocks of zeros, he created two images that appear to be spiral structures that expand from top to bottom. The first was created using the ... ... 44.11692 29 51.44522 30 42.61618 116 FIGURE 3 From the structure of the graph, it appears that the sum is generally increasing in a linear manner, ...

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Noi Functii in Teoria Numerelor

By: Florentin Smarandache

...d labourers using FRE 189 2.5 Study of bonded labour problem using FRE 196 2.6 Data compression with FRE 196 2.7 Applying FRE to Threat Analysis 19... ... Compatibility relations are often conveniently viewed as reflexive undirected graphs contrary to fuzzy cognitive maps that are directed graphs. In... ...are directed graphs. In this context, reflexivity implies that each node of the graph has a loop connecting the node to itself the loops are usually... ...to itself the loops are usually omitted from the visual representations of the graph although they are assumed to be present. Connections between n... ...ng efficient solutions and let P be the size of the efficient set E. To divide data points into C regions or clusters, we apply the concept of fuzz... ...t of fuzzy clustering [4]. The idea is to find the degree of belonging of each data point to each cluster. Data points that belong to the same clus... ...pt of indeterminacy is involved. Now we proceed on to define further algebraic structures on these crisp fuzzy neutrosophic sets and fuzzy neutroso... ...os Altos CA, 1991. [50, 52, 54] 66. Michalewicz, Z., Genetic Algorithms + Data Structures = Evolution Programs, Springer, New York, 1994. [50] 67.... ... Systems, 36 (1990) 277-291. [9, 66] 78. Pedrycz, W., Processing in Relational Structures: Fuzzy Relational Equations, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 25 (...

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Fuzzy Relational Maps and Neutrosophic Relational Maps

By: W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy and Florentin Smarandache

...d labourers using FRE 189 2.5 Study of bonded labour problem using FRE 196 2.6 Data compression with FRE 196 2.7 Applying FRE to Threat Analysis 19... ... Compatibility relations are often conveniently viewed as reflexive undirected graphs contrary to fuzzy cognitive maps that are directed graphs. In... ...are directed graphs. In this context, reflexivity implies that each node of the graph has a loop connecting the node to itself the loops are usually... ...to itself the loops are usually omitted from the visual representations of the graph although they are assumed to be present. Connections between n... ...ng efficient solutions and let P be the size of the efficient set E. To divide data points into C regions or clusters, we apply the concept of fuzz... ...t of fuzzy clustering [4]. The idea is to find the degree of belonging of each data point to each cluster. Data points that belong to the same clus... ...pt of indeterminacy is involved. Now we proceed on to define further algebraic structures on these crisp fuzzy neutrosophic sets and fuzzy neutroso... ...os Altos CA, 1991. [50, 52, 54] 66. Michalewicz, Z., Genetic Algorithms + Data Structures = Evolution Programs, Springer, New York, 1994. [50] 67.... ... Systems, 36 (1990) 277-291. [9, 66] 78. Pedrycz, W., Processing in Relational Structures: Fuzzy Relational Equations, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 25 (...

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Trendsiters Digital Content and Web Technologies

By: Sam Vaknin

...... ... automatically or periodically updated content, ,multimedia capabilities, database, Favourites and History Maintenance (records of reading habits, s... ...mphasizes the growing realization that one's list of customers - properly data mined - is the greatest asset, greater even than original content and... ...nly in 1998, did the Britannica switch to multimedia and added tables and graphs to the CD. Video and sound were to make their appearance even later.... ...nd then in color), tables, detailed maps and anatomical charts, and other graphics to their books. Battles fought between publishers-librarians over ... ...not be bought. We will adapt by doing the entire public domain, including graphics, music, movies, sculpture, paintings, photographs, etc. . . . Q.... ...scientists are learning how to coerce molecules to automatically form the structures they need, rather than by having to painstakingly push or prod ... ...erating library. They will be replaced, in the near future, by "Knowledge Structures" - gigantic encyclopaedias, whose text will contain references ... ...hlighting discrete units of information. So, this draws the batlle lines: structures (printed pages) versus units (screen), the continuous and easily...

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Facts and Fictions in the Securities Industry

By: Sam Vaknin

...t and implement credit risk assessment tools, questionnaires, quantitative methods, data gathering methods and venues in order to properly evaluate... ...tters of comfort to suppliers; 5. The planning and erecting of the various sites, structures, buildings, premises, factories, etc.; 6. The plannin... ...PR), advertising and sales promotion drives best suited for it. It has built large databases with multi-year profiles of the purchasing patterns an... ...arge databases with multi-year profiles of the purchasing patterns and demographic data related to thousands of clients in many countries. It owns ... ...gee in "Technical Analysis of Stock Trends": "The science of recording, usually in graphic form, the actual history of trading (price changes, volu... ...are flourishing. Society is never far behind. Even the most conservative economic structures and institutions now strive to manage expectations. T... ... The Fair Play theorem 5. The Random Walk Theory 6. The Monte Carlo Fallacy 7. Structures - Infra and hyper 8. Market (price) predictions a.... ... 20. The Rorschach tendency to impose patterns (cycles, channels) on totally random graphic images. The Elton - Gruber experiments with random numb... ...ents with random numbers and newly - added random numbers. No difference between graphs of random numbers - and graphs of share prices. 21. Inte...

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Proceedings of the First International Conference on Neutrosophy, Neutrosophic Logic, Neutrosophic Set, Neutrosophic Probability and Statistics

By: Florentin Smarandache

...rocesses of selection, mutation, and reproduction, the evolution of individual structures. The major evolutionary algorithms studied are: genetic a... ...information shows up in the result, if not eliminated from the beginning. The data bases should be stratified. There exist methods to construc... ...t from the domain of definition (the vertical line test fails, intersecting the graph in more points). Don’t we better describe, using the attri... ...nford.edu/contents.html#1. [31] Narinyani, A., Indefinite sets - a new type of data for knowledge representation, Preprint 232, Computer Center of t... ... Texas at Arlington, Vol. XIX, 143-154, 1999. [42] Stoyanova, D., Algebraic structures of intuitionistic fuzzy sets, Third Sci. Session of the ... ...rtain and paradoxical sources of information through this new theory. Keywords: Data Fusion, Dempster Shafer theory, Bodies of evidence, Neutrosophy, ... ... In the super-density environment of electrons and atoms, the time-space scale structures contracts to their limits. As a result, all the energy exc... ...able using all the normal techniques - most complexity problems are related to graph theory and mathematically tend to be NP- complete, insoluble in ...

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A Unifying Field in Logics : Neutrosophic Logic. Neutrosophy, Neutrosophic Set, Neutrosophic Probability

By: Florentin Smarandache

...thiness, triteness, and non­ poeticality; - paralinguistic verse (only!): graphics, lyrical portraits, drawings, drafts... - non-words and non-sente... ...th-West of the United States by a single person!); - super-poems; 6 - graphic poems; - upset-poems.] 3. “Dictionary of Computing”, by Denis How... ...g towards a mathematization of philosophy, but not in a Platonian sense. Graph 5. O.a.1: Materialism % Idealism = constant, for any society. S P ... ...s are ill posed. In practice there is ugly mathematics. Clean the awful data to see the beauty of the theorems. Non-mathematicians crinkle into th... ... and Multi-Space: B1) Multi-Structure: Let S 1 and S 2 be two distinct structures, induced by the ensemble of laws L, which verify the ensembles ... ...ure). B2) Multi-Space: Let S 1 , S 2 , ..., S k be distinct two by two structures on respectively the distinct (not necessarily disjoint) two by t... ... of the previous sets M = M1 \/ M2 \/ ... \/ Mk, hence we have k different structures on M. For example we can construct a geometric multi-space fo... ... to solving certain practical problems posed in the domain of research in Data/Information fusion. So far, almost all approaches are based on the B... ...atics, or functional language to a sequence of modifications to the input data structure. Temporal Logic is an extension of Predicate Calculus that ...

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Progress in Physics : The Journal on Advanced Studies in Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Including Related Themes from Mathematics, Volume 2

By: Florentin Smarandache

...ce frame are chronometrically invariant quantities (see the previous para- graph for the details). Keeping this fact in mind, Zelmanov formulated his ... ...riments. In order to solve the problem of interpretation of ex- perimental data on gravitational waves it is appropriate to consider a more general ca... ...s free of space rotations. Currently there is no indubitable observational data sup- porting the absolute rotation of the Universe. This problem has b... ...a later moment. Based on this physical picture of the electron self-energy graph, we will evaluate the Geometric Probability that an electron emits a ... ...ooft-Susskind holographic principle [13] in the sense that the holomorphic data in the interior (bulk) of the domain is fully determined by the holomo... ...tails about Shilov boundaries, the conformal group, future tubes and holo- graphy we refer to the article by Gibbons [12] and [7, 16]. In order to def... ...scription of mechanics. Sec.III is devoted to the discussion of symplectic structures which are also generally covariant. We show that a covariant ana... ...ctional integral formulation of quantum feld theories retaining only those structures which we felt would not be emergent. In this we still started wi... ...al Noise July, 2005 PROGRESS IN PHYSICS Volume 2 compose the mathematical structures into possible histories — each corresponding to a different poss...

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The Public Domain : Enclosing the Commons of the Mind

By: James Boyle

...re generally, Paul Ginsparg in astrophysics, and Harlan Onsrud in geospatial data. Paul Uhlir’s work at the National Academy of Sciences intro- duced ... ...nt filmmaker has put up on his home page. Perhaps you want to adapt the nifty graphics that a high school teacher in Hawaii created Chapter 1 14 -1 ___... ...nguage, to facts, to business methods and scientific algorithms, to the basic structures of music, to art whose creators are long dead. It is obvious t... ...nnium Copy- right Act, to trademark “anti-dilution” rulings, to the European Database Protection Directive. 18 The old limits to intellectual property... ...discoveries, prior research, images, genres of work, cultural references, or databases of single nucleotide polymorphisms—each is raw material for fut... ...t a search engine that catalogued and displayed in framed format the digital graphics found on the Internet would be sued for infringing the copyright... ...ted motion picture files to manageable size....While the compressed sound and graphic files then must be synchronized, a tedious process that took plain... ... for considerable criticism for his fusion of gospel intonations and melodic structures with the nightclub sound of rhythm and blues, but not because ... ...omic analysis of the likely effects of different rules on dif- ferent market structures. Patent law is as instrumental a structure as one could imagin...

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The Labor Divide

By: Sam Vaknin

...tatistics Bureau must be instructed to make the gathering and analysis of data regarding the unemployed (through household surveys and census, if ne... ... I recommend to place computer terminals in all bureaus with the latest data regarding jobs offered and sought. Both employers and the unemployed ... ...- Scan for job offers in foreign countries - Make contact with government structures, public sector, and private sector employers abroad - Sign agr... ...is There are a few statistical methods used to gauge employment-related data. The easiest, most immediate but least reliable way is to count the n... ... and the reshaping of work". The program studies novel work-organisation structures - temporary work, franchise, multi-employer sites, partnerships,... ...as more people retire and others migrate. At a certain point in time, the graphs diverge, leaving in their wake disgruntled and cheated pensioners a... ...Buy up firms in other industries "as a base from which to change industry structures" there. This is a way of securing exclusive sources of supply ...

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The Kaluza Concept

By: Keith Young

...25 Thus, an object within the tube can be located using two pieces of data: its distance from the left or the right hand side of the tube’s end... ...pt a totally tangible aspect to the lower component. To envisage this graphically, turn the black axes of Fig.20 through the shaded angle leavi... ... the usual format. Imagine the Psi – Curve as charting the top of the bar graph. See Fig.26 overleaf. 80 Fig.26. The Psi-Curve in Thre... ...icks. Bosons need to bind fermions together to build sufficiently complex structures to house their own more complex coherence, hence the physical ...

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When the Sleeper Wakes

By: H. G. Wells

...le darkness, vast ungainly Titans of shadow. All about them, huge metallic structures, iron girders, inhumanly vast as it seemed to him, interlaced, a... ...ured by a thin morning haze. But Graham could perceive they were very vast structures, judged even by the standard of the things about them. And then ... ...obbed the village of its last touch of culture. After telephone, kinemato- graph and phonograph had replaced newspaper, book, school- master, and lett... ...he hollow basin of the world below, but at first he could distin- guish no data now that the Thames valley was left behind. Soon, however, they were d... ...penny or so— enough for a theatre or a cheap dancing place, or a kinemato- graph story, or a dinner or a bet. They wander about after that is spent. B... ...erved the illiterate class, the class, that is, beyond the reach of phono- graph culture, in their common-place intercourse. Every- where this trouble...

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The War of the Worlds

By: H. G. Wells

...That, indeed, was the general opinion. Both The Times and the Daily T ele- graph,, for instance, insisted on it the next morning, and both overlooked,... ... pitch, but nothing to compare with this. People who have never seen these structures, and have only the ill- imagined efforts of artists or the imper... ...e problem of the Martians and the fate of my wife. For the former I had no data; I could imag- ine a hundred things, and so, unhappily, I could for th...

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In the Days of the Comet

By: H. G. Wells

...unreasonable, that at times I find it bordering upon the in- credible. The data have gone, the buildings and places. I stopped dead the other afternoo... ...days would have found little beauty in our grouping. I have our two photo- graphs at hand in this bureau as I write, and they show me a gawky youth in... ...en on this occa- sion. The table under the window was littered with photo- graphic material and the later albums of his continental sou- venirs, and o... ... of our new social families, we swept away more and more of those horrible structures, the ancient residential houses, hastily built, without imagi- n...

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Babbitt

By: Sinclair Lewis

...rankly and beautifully office-buildings. The mist took pity on the fretted structures of earlier generations: the Post Office with its shingle-torture... ...n,” said Sidney Finkelstein. “It beats all get-out,” meditated that man of data, Howard Littlefield, “how hard it is for some people to get things str... ...r 197 Sinclair Lewis father reported, she had pinned up twenty-one photo- graphs of actors. But the signed portrait of the most grace- ful of the mov...

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The Treaty of the European Union the Maastrict Treaty, 7Th February, 1992

By: Various

...ith a view to facilitating the exercise of the rights referred to in para- graph 1; save as otherwise provided in this Treaty, the Council shall act u... ...pital markets. Una- nimity shall be required for measures under this para- graph which constitute a step back in Community law as regards the liberali... ...ible with this Treaty. 3. The measures and procedures referred to in para- graphs 1 and 2 shall not constitute a means of arbi- trary discrimination o... ...rammes undertaken by several Member States, including participation in the structures created for the execution of those programmes. ARTICLE 130m In i... ...the Com- munity shall take account of: —available scientific and technical data; —environmental conditions in the various regions of the Community; —t... ...ed up to the nearest multiple 0.05 percentage points. 29.2 The statistical data to be used for the application of this Article shall be provided by th... ...g Council. 32.3. If, after the start of the third stage, the balance sheet structures of the national central banks do not, in the judgment of the Gov... ... by the obligation of professional secrecy. 38.2. Persons having access to data covered by Com- munity legislation imposing an obligation of secrecy s... ...ole will be strengthened by ex- amining and defining appropriate missions, structures and means, covering in particular: —WEU planning cell; —closer m...

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The 9/11 Commission Report Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States

By: Thomas H. Kean

...emselves for work. Some made their way to the T win T owers, the signature structures of the W orld Trade Center complex in New Y ork City . Others we... ...ned cruising altitude of 29,000 feet.All communications and flight profile data were normal.About this time the “Fasten Seatbelt” sign would usually h... ...t down keep remaining sitting.We have a bomb on board. So, sit.”The flight data recorder (also recovered) indicates that Jarrah then instructed the pl... ...t to turn the aircraft around and head east. 75 The cockpit voice recorder data indicate that a woman, most likely a flight attendant, was being held ... ...cted eight years later, we will review their missions, command and control structures, and work- ing relationship on the morning of 9/11. FAA Mission ... ... Traffic Control Centers Reporting structure, Northeast Air Defense Sector Graphics courtesy of ESRI Final1-4.4pp 7/17/04 9:12 AM Page 15 Virginia... ...chnical communications systems and codes as well as foreign organizational structures, including those of terrorist organizations. Cold War adversarie... ... related issues. Chasing Quso’s trail,“Dave” suggested showing some photo- graphs to FBI agents in New Y ork who were working on the Cole case and had... ...e New Y ork agents. She was told that one of the individuals in the photo- graphs was someone named Khalid al Mihdhar. She did not know why the photog...

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The Works of Edgar Allan Poe in Five Volumes Volume Four

By: Edgar Allan Poe

...ve that he, Bullet-head, could indite, if it so pleased him, a whole para- graph—aye! a whole article—in which that contemptible vowel should not once... ...reman, with a deep sigh, and an emphasis on the ‘bit.’ ‘Is it a long para- graph, Bob?’ ‘Shouldn’t call it a wery long paragrab,’ said Bob. ‘Ah, well,... ...nge, Tea, Total, Y oung, Belles, Lettres, Universal, Experimental, Biblio- graphical, Association, To, Civilize, Humanity.” Dr. Moneypenny made the ti... ...ch I mean that it was impossible to form a guess respecting his age by any data personally afforded. He might have been fifteen or fifty, and was twen... ...tiquarians have never yet been able to obtain from the site any sufficient data (in the shape of coins, medals or inscriptions) wherewith to build up ... ... Esquimau, Kickapoo, or Hottentot. Of course we can’t afford to take these structures down under a bonus of five hundred per cent upon the prime cost ... ...l calculations are, from their very nature, fixed and determinate. Certain data being given, certain results necessarily and inevitably follow. These ...

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Crime Its Cause and Treatment

By: Clarence Darrow

...chines or all animals to respond alike. It is apparent that not one of the structures can ever work perfectly, and that from the best down to the poor... ...ctures can ever work perfectly, and that from the best down to the poorest structures are infinite degrees of perfection, even down to the machine tha... ...nt pro- duces different results on different machines, would know that the structures are not the same. Endless discussions have been devoted to the r... ...or identification. Before this, the witness may have been shown his photo- graph in convict clothes. Perhaps they identify him, perhaps they do not; i... ...Still the time that scientists have worked on the problem is short and the data imperfect, and many years of patient study will be needed before there... ...ount of feeble intellects might sometime commit crime. The world has ample data at hand to show more humane and at the same time much cheaper ways, ev... ...inheritance, and necessarily, much evi- dence was pure hearsay without the data of careful investiga- tion at hand. The case, however, does show a sur...

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An Englishman Looks at the World Being a Series of Unrestrained Remarks Upon Contemporary Matters

By: H. G. Wells

...ons and exact measurements of a science, and to set up ideals and rules as data for such classi- fication and measurements. They develop an alleged se... ...ly- sis of that. For documents and monuments he had fossils and anatomical structures and germinating eggs too inno- cent to lie, and so far he was ne... ...sentially fluid and moving, the tendency to consider as given fact or dead data that which creates itself and gives itself into the world of phenomena... ...reek prose composition or history with models and photo- 161 H. G . Wells graphs and diagrams for Latin versification, would make any considerable di... ...rch as a billiard- table of a centre-piece; a truth that the myriad little structures ‘attended’ on Sundays and on the ‘off’ evenings of their ‘sociab... ...o remain classless, is already developing separations and distinctions and structures of its own. And monstrous architectural portents in Boston and S... ... movement becomes probable—the newspapers, magazines, telephones and tele- graphs, all the apparatus of discussion and popular appeal, the railways, a...

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Democracy and Education

By: John Dewey

...t played in our activities by remote physical energies, and by invis- ible structures. Hence a special mode of social intercourse is instituted, the s... ..., the same hardening of the organic condi- tions affects the physiological structures which are involved in thinking. But this fact only indicates the... ...is taken up with the development of a theme. Unless one writes as a phono- graph talks, this means intelligence; namely, alertness in foreseeing the v... ...; namely, alertness in foreseeing the various conclusions to which present data and considerations are tending, together with continu- ally renewed ob... ...t that the value of the reflection lies upon keeping one’s self out of the data. The almost insurmountable difflculty of achieving this detachment is ... ...sses by which he attempts to supply meaning to a multitude of disconnected data, can- not be the basis of a method which shall take effect in the camp... ...erest. The child’s home is, for example, the organizing center of his geo- graphical knowledge. His own movements about the lo- cality, his journeys a... ...eater regard for obser- vation of things directly and through pictures and graphic descriptions, and it reduced the importance attached to verbal symb... ...nic forms until we reach man. The development of organic forms begins with structures where the adjust- ment of environment and organism is obvious, a...

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The Works of Edgar Allan Poe in Five Volumes Volume Three

By: Edgar Allan Poe

..., do we deduce inferences with entire certainty, even from the most simple data. It might be supposed that a catastrophe such as I have just related w... ...ction was strewn with huge tumuli, apparently the wreck of some gigan- tic structures of art; although, in detail, no semblance of art could be detect... ...ere at home.” In about a week after this conversation, the following para- graphs appeared in a Charlottesville paper: “We have the painful duty of an...

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