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...Interagency Fratricide: Policy Failures in the Persian Gulf and Bosnia provides a comprehensive analysis of the factors that affected both interagency processes and policy outcomes during the Persian Gulf War (1990–91) and the early stages of the Bosnia crisis (1993–95)...

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... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258 PART III Conflict Termination Policy Development 9 DEVELOPING THE ENDGAME—TERMINATION POLICY FOR THE PERSIAN GULF AND BOSNIA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Crisis Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Summary: Crisis Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . 274 Desired End State . . . . ....

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...tant country of the Arab world. However Egypt is very poor in oil and natural gas reserves, at least when compared to the other Arab countries of the Persian Gulf and North Africa. In the 1950s and 1960s, Gamal Nasser, an Egyptian military officer, tried to unite all Arabs in one country, under his leadership, in order for Egypt to control the oil of the Persian Gulf. T...

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... . . . . . . 16 Synthesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 3 DEEP BATTLE DURING THE PERSIAN GULF WAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Deep-Battle Targeting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Fire Support Coordination Line Friction . . . . 34 Synthesis and Challenges . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Notes . . . . . ....

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...This thesis focuses on operational-level coalition air force interactions in three conflicts: the Korean War (1950–53), the Persian Gulf War (1990–91), and the Balkan Air Campaign (1992–95). The capability that coalition air forces offer usually benefits the overall effort, while each member’s diverging desires (or will) can degrade overall unity ...

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...INTRODUCTION . . . . 1 THE KOREAN WAR . . . . . . 7 THE PERSIAN GULF WAR . . . . . . 23 THE BALKAN AIR CAMPAIGN . . . . 37 CONCLUSIONS . . . . . 51 BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . . 61...

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... in developing and executing a sizable airpower contribution to a theater campaign. The author sets the background by describing CENTAF’s role in the Persian Gulf War theater campaign strategy. The conclusion is that the commander in chief (CINC) of Central Command did not think that CENTAF had an acceptable holistic airpower strategy in August 1990 and therefore requested...

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...1 USCENTAF’S ROLE IN CENTCOM’S PERSIAN GULF CAMPAIGN STRATEGY . . . . 1 Notes . . . . . 4 2 CREDIBLE SOURCES FOR DETERMINING THE ATTRIBUTES OF AN EFFECTIVE AIRPOWER STRATEGY . . . . 5 Notes . . . . . 10 3 RECOMMENDED RESPONSIBILITIES AND PRODUCTS ...

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... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 4 OPERATIONS BETWEEN VIETNAM AND THE PERSIAN GULF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Arab-Israeli Wars:1948, 1956, 1967–1973.147 The 1973 War . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Combat since 1973: Bekaa Valley . . . . . . 155 American Air Strikes ...

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...4 2 BRITISH AIR CONTROL FROM 1922 TO 1936 . . . . . . 7 Notes . . . . 13 3 PROJECT CONTROL FROM 1953 TO 1954 . . . . . 17 Notes . . . . 24 4 THE PERSIAN GULF WAR FROM 1990 TO 1991 . . . . 29 Notes . . . . 35 5 ASSESSING AIR CONTROL . . . . . 39 Notes . . . . 46 6 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION . . . . . 49 Notes . . . . 51...

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...ge assessment (BDA) might contribute to airpower strategy and execution. It provides a historical review of BDA during World War II, Vietnam, and the Persian Gulf War and examines the current BDA doctrine, capabilities, and procedures to illustrate contemporary strengths and shortcomings. This study identifies potential remedies to contemporary issues based on real-time BD...

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...This study analyzes the air war plans in World War II and the Persian Gulf War. The goal of this study is to ascertain whether there is a continuity of thought reflected in American air planning over the years. This study assesses Air War Plans Division–1/42 and Instant Thunder as to t...

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...d War II: The War against Germany . . . . .21 World War II: The War against Japan . . . . .23 Korea and Vietnam . . . .24 Grenada, Panama, and the Persian Gulf War . . . . . 25 Summary . . . . .27 Notes . . . .28 4 PUBLIC AFFAIRS OPTIONS/IMPLICATIONS FOR INFORMATION WARFARE . . . . .31 Three Public Affairs Path Options . . . . .31 Option One: “Hands Off” . . . .31 ...

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... Paths to Peace: Domestic and International Factors In War Avoidance . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 An Analysis of the Role of Deterrence in the 1991 Persian Gulf War . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119 6 CORRELATIVE VALUES OF DEMOCRACY . .123 The Human-Development Benefits of Democracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...

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...ossess to disrupt an opponent’s land-based airpower and achieve significant political consequences. Iraq’s use of Scud ballistic missiles in the 1991 Persian Gulf War produced nearly instantaneous political effects. The Scuds did not threaten the coalition military forces opposing Saddam Hussein, but instead threatened the existence of the coalition itself by nearly bringi...

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...xcessive numbers of Vietnamese civilians. . . . . . . 93 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 12 Too focused on strategic attack during the Persian Gulf War, the Air Force provided inadequate support to ground forces. . . . . . . . . . . 99 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 13 Air attack is nothing more than “recreational bombing”; pilots fly so h...

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...eive the clue which has led our author into his interpretation, that the Babylonian and Persian do together compose but one of the kingdoms, and tha... ... faith. For the rest, what our author says concerning the oneness of the Babylonian and Persian kingdom may be true politically considered but is not... ...t. This is further manifest from the vision of the eighth chapter of Daniel, where the Persian power comes upon the prophetic stage with its proper ... ...country! Oh my mother church! I am pained for thee. How surely thou art steering to the gulf of infidelity, unless the Lord send a strong one to tur... ...uth of the lions, or to wrestle with death, or to bereave the grave, or to navigate the gulf beyond, or to meet the issues of judgment, which are mo... ...ith the deepest sorrow and compassion, I see running precipitately towards the horrible gulf of infidelity; for this hath certainly no other origin, ... ...r count; so that they called the first the empire of the Babylonians, the second of the Persians. Now let us see how unfounded is this division, whi... ...- represented in the statue, by the breast and arms of silver, they say, was that of the Persians, who united with the Medes, under the two heads of ...

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...d. An oasis or a mirage? As if in answer one of the men—decked out in full gulf Arab gear and looking so like a Bedouin warrior—turns to her, flashing... ...f that. You said you were in Kuwait?" He nodded. "I just got back from The Gulf." "Over there fighting the good fight for your country and doing your ... ... and sat up against the sofa's camel back, feet firmly planted against the Persian rug. "You passed out." He only confirmed what she had known, but he... ...refer. But yes, like them." "Were you in the area during ... you know, the Gulf War?" "Justice." "It is all right, wali. I understand why he asks." "Y... ...s confines, visually and tactually luxuriating in the colorful pile of his Persian carpet, eager to begin the next phase of the contest and engage his...

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...w system in Palestine and elsewhere in the Babylonian, Egyptian, and later Persian, and eventually Macedonian empires. The first influence was a relig... ...al promulgation as the official religious system of Persia and then of the Persian empire. 14 This system today is continued by a very small group pri... ...ized religious systems incorporating many influences from Indian Buddhism, Persian Zoroastrianism, and Greco-Roman philosophy. They gained prominence ... ...tem of Zoroastrianism which had quickly gained the official support of the Persian empire. For reasons not quite clear, this prevented the establishme... ...nized religion Zoroastrianism was largely confined to the CHRISTIANITY 93 Persian Empire, it survived the collapse of the Empire and its teachings we... ...ion of God and Buddha, of predestination and karma, may emphasize enormous gulfs between the two belief--systems, the essence of the gulfs consists of... ...de- scription of the essential basis of Buddhism? Did the enormous logical gulf between Buddhism and Australian Aboriginal cul- ture somehow suddenly ...

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...ight on foot who in the battell of Plateæ, to open and to put to rowt the Persian Phalanx, advised themselves to scatter and put themselves backe, t... ...wered those of Delphos, in the Median warre, fearing the invasions of the Persians. They demanded of that God what they should doe with the treasure... ... Schoole of Zeno. In that excellent institution which Zenophon giveth the Persians, wee find, that as other nations teach their children Letters, so... ... unto his health; sometimes exceeding the sumptuousnesse and pompe of the Persians, and now and then surpassing the austeritie and frugalitie of the... ...and to subdue all the nations that compasse the Mediterranean Sea, to the gulfe of Mare-Maggiore [the Black Sea], and to that end they traversed all... ... Emperor Severus. In the battles that past betweene the Ægyptians and the Persians, Herodotus saith, that both himselfe and divers others tooke spec... ...course, then altogether overwhelmed, and our reason wholie ravished in the gulfe of sensualitie, cannot by any meanes discharge her function. I know ... ...ed deforme pecus. How oft have we beheld wild beasts appeare From broken gulfes of earth, upon some parte Of sande that did not sinke? how often th...

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...elpful to the agricultural belts and bowls of the hinterland and to the recovering Gulf Coast). America's economy was far too dependent on the outs... ...y Turkic (that is, Uzbeks, Turkmens, Kazakhs, Kyrgyz and Uighurs, while Tajiks are Persian). At the beginning of the 1990's Turkey tried to play th... ...he banned items (many of them manufactured in Pakistan's archrival, India) via the Gulf states, Russia, Ukraine (another important drug route) and ... ... other EU veterans in signing the "letter of eight" in support of US policy in the Gulf. NATO and EU aspirants - including most of the nations of t... ...far. Turkey has a large Kurdish minority as does Iran. Conservative regimes in the Gulf fear Iraq's newfound and American- administered democracy. I... ...ely courted by Russian officials and "oiligarchs" - the energy tycoons. With the Gulf states cast in the role of anti-American Islamic militants,... ... environment, they block free trade, liberalization and deregulation. Consider the Persian Gulf, a corner of the world which subsists on trading wi... ...melight: the $800 million, 1000 megawatt light water reactor in Bushehr, an Iranian Persian Gulf port facing southern Iraq. Abandoned by West German...

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...You can this in the coriolis effect, you can see it ocean currents like the Gulf Stream, which goes for long distances in a straight line, and t... ...stems are flows of energy. You cannot own an eco-system. You cannot own the Gulf Stream and the Jet Stream and the clouds and the rain and the sun... ...not allowed to be changed. This can be seen in all legal institutions as the gulf between the relevancy of their original documents widen between wh... ...ion of Greek civilization. Greek civilization was a recreated permutation of Persian civilization. Persian civilization was a recreated permutation... .... What was the advantage of Western agriculture practiced by the Greeks and Persians? They grew grapes: but not to eat them. They grew them in o... ...s and legends. Try to find it in the Myths of the Greeks, and Romans, or the Persians. You will not find it. The closest thing to fun or humor is ... ...ur acts, thoughts, and feelings are unquestioned and unexamined. That is the gulf between mechanical, machine, tool-existence, and human-existence w... ...rs: the Greek Golden Age would never have happened. If all the slaves of the Persian Empire had refused to work for their masters: the Persian Empi... ...sane. Just look at the practice of crucifixion. For almost 2,000 years: the Persian and Roman Empires crucified millions of the poorest people on...

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...4% Sunni Muslim, 25% Shi'a Muslim, 1% other Language: 50% Pashtu, 35% Afghan Persian (Dari), 11% Turkic languages (primarily Uzbek and Turkmen), 4% th... ... Territorial sea: 3 nm Climate: tropical marine; moderated by warm waters of Gulf Stream Terrain: long, flat, coral formations with some low, rounded ... ...cal year ending 31 December 1985 $12.7 million, about 3% of the total budget Persian Gulf Al Muharra MANAMA S regional map VI Geography Total area: 62... ... ending 31 December 1985 $12.7 million, about 3% of the total budget Persian Gulf Al Muharra MANAMA S regional map VI Geography Total area: 620 km 2 ;... ...proximity to primary Middle East crude oil sources and strategic location in Persian Gulf through which much of western world's crude oil must transit... ...y to primary Middle East crude oil sources and strategic location in Persian Gulf through which much of western world's crude oil must transit to reac... ...9.3 million; about 18% of central government budget 39 Cambodia Kampong Sao Gulf of Thailand f regional map IX Geography Total area: 181,040 km 2 ; l... ...lusive fishing zone: 50 nm in the Sea of Oman; median-line boundaries in the Persian Gulf Territorial sea: 12 nm Boundary disputes: none; on 17 Septem... ...Nationality: noun Iranian(s); adjective Iranian Ethnic divisions: 63% ethnic Persian, 18% Turkic, 13% other Iranian, 3% Kurdish, 3% Arab and other Sem...