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Joe Hill, "My Last Will" (November 18, 1915). First printed in the Herald-Republican (Salt Lake City, Utah), November 18, 1915. Reprinted in Franklin Rosemont, Joe Hill: The IWW and the Mating of a Revolutionary Workingclass Counterculture: Profusely Illustrated (Chicago: Charles H. Kerr, 2002), p. 132....

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Batılı soylular bu olasiliklarla güreşirken, bu süreçte, Tuğrul Bey (1016-1063) Selçuk imparatorluğunu kurdu. Kudüs de, süreç içinde Selçuk etkisi altında kaldı. Kaldı ki, M.S. Yedinci Yüzyılda İslamiyetin oluşması da, Yedi ile Onbirinci yüzyıllar arasında Doğu Akdenizdeki Hristiyan ve Musevi toplumların Arap yönetimine geçmesine neden olmuş idi. Bu koşullar altında, 1096-1099 yılları arasında papa'nı verdiği vaazların yardımı ile Birinci Haçlı Seferi Avrupa'dan Doğu Akdeniz'e yürüdü. Haçlı Ordusunun icindeki asker sayısi ancak bir kestirmeden öte'ye gidemiyor. Bir milyon kişilik olduğu da ileri sürülebiliyor. Bu Haçlı Ordusu, Kudüs'u ele geçirdi, ancak evlerini ve yurtlarını koruyanların elinde, çok büyük kayıplar verdi. Geri'ye, Avrupaya dönebilen Haçlıların sayılarının savaşa gidenlerden çok küçük olduğu söylenir. Böylece, Avrupada bir toplumsal patlamanın önüne geçilmiş oldu. Başka bir açıdan bakıldığında, toplumsal düzenin değişmemesi ve soyluların yaşamlarının sürdürülebilmesi için, toplumun bir bölümü ölüm'e gönderildi. Haçlı Seferleri de birkaç kez daha yenilendi. Amaç değişmedi; Avrupa yaşam düzeni, soylularin çıkarına k...

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"Bir süngü ile dünya üzerinde canınızın istediği herşey yapılabilir; bir tek olay bu kural'in dışında kalır: süngü üzerine oturulamaz." Bu düşünceyi, Fransız Başbakan'i Talleyrand'in (1754-1838) ileri sürdüğü varsayılır. Olaylar, bu deyiş'in ne kadar gerçek olduğunu sayısız denebilecek kadar deneme'de göstermiştir. Ancak, bu süngü'nun saldırganlık mi yoksa savunma amaçlı olarak mi kullanıldığı üzerinde durmak gerekebilir. Saldırganlık, Türk atasözünde olduğu gibi "dediğim dedik, çaldığım düdük" türü ile, dünyaya her istediğini yaptırmak amaçlı ise, günün birinde güçsüz kalacak ve "süngü düşecektir." Savunma yapan süngü ise, tarih'in yazılmasına önderlik eder. Ancak, tarih kendini yazamaz. "Hak'in yerini bulabilmesi için" hak sahibinin olayları çok iyi belgelemesi kaçınılmaz bir gerektir....

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ICINDEKILER Başkaldırma ve Yarışma Çanakkale 1915 Dogal Us, Yapma Us Düşünbilim Düşüncelerin Kökenine İnmek Hiçbirşey Bilmemek Yönetimi Kim Yönetiyor? Kimlik Paylaşımcılık Pazarlama Uzun Görüş Kitabın Yazarı ...

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Teslim olmakla, omuzlarimiza daha da agir yukleri gonullu olarak almaktan baska hic bir kazancimiz olmuyor. Eskiden, her bir boy'umuzun birer bas'i var idi. Simdi ise iki kral birden [biri Romali vali, digeri, Romalilarin tahta cikardigi yerli kral] uzerimize oturtuldu --biri canimizi cikariyor, digeri de malimiza el koyuyor. Bu iki agamiz'in birbirleri ile catismasi halinde, kullari olan bizler ise cok kotu duruma dusuyoruz. Onlarin ceteleri veya duzenli askerleri, bize karsi yaptiklari butun hakaretlere siddet de karistiriyorlar. Malimiz ve namusumuz onlarin ihtirasi onunde artik emniyette degil. Savasta, yigit olan ganimetten payina duseni alir. Bugunku durumumuzda ise, korkaklar ve kacaklar evlerimizi soyuyor, cocuklarimizi kaciriyor, erkeklerimizi emirleri altina aliyorlar. Bu serserilere bas egmekle, sanki biz onlara "yurdumuz ugruna olmaktan baska, bizim icin herhangi bir sebeple olmek kolay" diyoruz. Halbuki, bizim nufusumuz cogunluguna karsi, isgalciler yalnizca bir avuc adam. Almanlar bu gercegi gorup, baslarindaki bu zalimleri kovdular. Hem de onlari dusmanin ana vatanindan koruyan bizimki gibi bir deniz kalkani degil, ya...

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Romali tarihci Tacitus, M. S. Birinci yuzyilda yasamisti. Tacitus, gorgu sahidi bulundugu donemde Roma imparatorlugu egemenligi altinda olan Britanya'lilarla[30] karsi kullanilan Roma imparatorlugu politikasini aciklayici sunlari yazmisti: [Britanyalilar] Bir zamanlar tek bir kral altinda [topluca] yasamakta idiler; simdi ise, kendi aralarinda ve rakip reisler altinda kendi aralarinda vurusmaktan bolunmus bulunuyorlar. Hakikaten, bizim [Romalilarin] isimize en cok yarayan da, kuvvetli uluslarin kendi aralarinda vurusmalari ve bize karsi isbirligi yapamamalari oluyordu.... [Britanyanin] belirli bolumleri Kral Cogidumnus'a yonetmesi icin verildi. Bu kral da sadakatle bize hizmete devam etti. Uzun sure once yerlesmis Romali geleneklerince, tabi bir kral eliyle [bu kral'a bagli] toplumlari da esir [ve tabi etmek] etmek yolu surduruldu....[31] Daginik, genis alanlarda yasayan (ve dolayisi ile [Romalilara karsi] baskaldirmaya her zaman yatkin) halk'i hareketsizlige alistirmak, sakin bir duzende zevk ve sefahat icinde toplu halde yasamaya yoneltmek amaci ile, Agricola[32] bu toplumlari tapinaklar, toplanma yerleri ve binalar yapmaya ozel...

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TABLE OF CONTENTS • KITABIN YAZARI • 1. ONSOZ • 2. TURK TARIHI, TOPLUMLARIN MAYASI VE UYGARLIK • 3. VAKIFLI TURK TARIHI KURSUSU ONERISI • 4. TICARET, TARIH VE ULUSLARARASI YARISMA • 5. DUSUNCE AKIMLARI, "YENI DUNYA DUZENI" VE GORUNTULERI • 6. KIRIM TATARLARI • 7. TURK DESTANLARI VE DEDE KORKUT[1] • 8. BASVEKIL SUKRU SARACOGLU'NDAN ANILAR • 9. TURK ORDUSUNDA MIZAH • 10. TURKBILIMCI ABUBEKIR AHMEDCAN DIVAY • 11. ORTA ASYA COGULCU YONETIM GUNDEMLERI • 12. "BASMACI" ve 1916-1924 TURKISTAN BAGIMSIZLIK • 13. PAN ADLI IKI KURGUSAL YARATIK: UYDURMA "BELGELERIN” TURKLER ZARARINA KULLANILMALARI [1] • 14. INSAN INCIYI DENIZDEN CIKARMADIKCA, O ISTER INCI OLSUN -- ISTER CAKILTASI, FARKETMEZ • 15. DUSUNCE ISVERENI • 16. MAYA, T.A.S. ...

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2. Language: Togan was fluent in a number of diverse languages (German, Arabic, Russian, Persian, French, and English etc.) and a myriad of Central Asian Turk dialects as there are no such distinctions as “Turkic” and “Turkish,” which were artificially introduced into English and Russian. He not only used these languages and dialects for scholarly purposes, but also for discourse un- der a wide variety of conditions. Consequently, one can easily discern from his expressions that, while recalling an event, Togan has the tendency of remem- bering the proceedings in the “original,” the particular language or dialect in which the transaction took place. For example, if his respondent was a Kazak, he thinks in Kazak dialect, the flavor of which invariably seeps into his writ- ing, recording the incident. He also uses vocabulary from those languages that can have more than one meaning in English. As an additional result, the spell- ings of geographic as well as personal names can vary, even on the same page....

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Then, some business appeared that would provide me the opportunity to seriously involve myself in politics. The election laws modified by the Tsar allowed five Deputies for the Kazan residents and one for the Azerbaijanis. Other Turks in Turkistan were deprived of the rights to have a representative in the Duma. Among the extant representatives, the Ufa Deputy Kutlukay Mirza Tevkilev was very honorable, honest and knowledgeable, but he was also very old. At the same time, since he was raised within the Russian community, he did not know the problems among the Moslems in detail. The other representative elected from the Ufa province, Ibniyemin Axtiyamov was educated in institutions of higher learning and was an attorney, but since he was stuck into small matters, his work did not yield positive results. Isa Mirza Yenikev was the Orenburg provincial Representative, was earlier a teacher, and he was involved in educational matters. But, since he was very ignorant, very hesitant and a scared person, he could not represent his constituents in anything other than education. The issue of sending someone from Ufa province arose, to help the...

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I. Family Origins II. My Scholarly Visit to Turkistan III. 1916-1918 Political Life IV. Collaboration with the Soviets for fifteen months (1919-1920) v. Talks with Lenin VI. Struggles in Turkistan ...

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Alpamış bir Türk destanıdır - edebi-sözlü tarihtir - ve Orta Asya Türk söz- lü edebiyatının başlıca öneklerindendir. Sahiplerinin ve yaratıcılarının etnik kimlik, tarih, gelenekler ve değer düzenlerinin en önemli kaynağıdır. Çoğun- lukla şiir şeklinde olan Alpamış destanı Doğu Altaylar’dan Batı Urallar’a ve güneyde Türkistan’a kadarki alanda bilinir ve anlatılır. Türk toplumlarinin öz- gürlük uğraşlarının anısını kutlar. Destanın derlenmesine neden olan olaylarin çok eski bir döneme ait olduğunu düşünmek güç degildir; bazı basılı şekille- ri bu mücadelelerin zalim Kalmaklar’a karşı sürdürüldüğünü anlatır—bunun daha sonraki üst yazımlardan kaynaklanması olasıdır. Destanın Boz Atlı Bam- sı Beyrek’in Hikâyesi adını taşıyan belli başlı değişkenlerinden biri Dede Kor- kut Kitabı’nın bir kısmını oluşturur ve Azerbaycan ile Anadolu’da bilinir. Al- pamış Orta Asya’nın her yerinde paylaşılan bir destandır ve onu bilmek kimli- ğin ve millî gururun ayrılmaz bir parçasıdır. Bu destanı bilmemek ayıp sayılır....

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Orta Asya’da “ataların serüven ve kimliklerini kutlama” geleneği Türk lehçe- lerine daha sonra ödünç alınarak girmiş olan destan kelimesinin kullanımın- dan daha eskidir. Örneğin Kül Tegin yazıtlarında (M.S. 732) Bilge Kağan “Bu sabımın adgutı asıd, qatıgdı tınla!” (“Sözlerimi iyi ve katı işit!”) der.1 Bir üç yüz sene kadar sonra (1070’te) Kaşgarlı Mahmut, Divan-ı Lûgat-it Türk’te âkil adamlarca korunup o güne taşınmış atasözleri, tembih ve iletiler için saw (sab, sav) sözünü kullanır.2 Kaşgarlı Mahmut’tan takriben bir yüzyıl sonra Ah- met Yesevî (ö.1167) şöyle yazar: “Bilginler benim ferasetime kulak versinler/ Sözüme destan muamelesi yaparak muratlarına ersinler.”3 Önemli hadiseleri hatırlamak için onları şiire ya da şarkıya dökme âdeti yeni değildir. Aslında Orta Asyalıların hayatında her mühim olayın kendine has bir “kutlayıcı” şarkısı vardı. Suyuncu bir alpin doğumunu4 ya da bir kişi veya oy- mağın zorluklardan kurtuluşu gibi iyi haberleri müjdelerdi. Yar-yar düğünler- de terennüm edilirdi. Bu sadece gelinle damadın birleşmesini kutlamakla kal- maz, düğün töreninde başlayan yeni anlaşmalara da işaret ederdi. Bir alp sava- ...

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ALPAMIŞ Rus Yönetimi Altında Orta Asya Kimliği H.B. Paksoy AACAR (Orta Asya Araştırmalarını Geliştirme Derneği) Kitap Dizisi HARTFORD; Connecticut Birinci AACAR basımı, 1989 Fihrist Tam Başlık Sayfası Yazar Hakkında İçindekiler, İthaf, Teşekkürler Önsöz I:Alpamış ve Türk Destan Türü II:Alpamış’ı Yoketme ve Kurtarma Girişimleri, Aşama I III. Alpamış Destanı IV. Alpamış’ı Yoketme ve Kurtarma Girişimleri, Aşama II Bibliyografya Fihrist Eser hakkında ilmî yorumlar Büyük Orta Asya Haritası TELİF HAKKI 1979, 1989 H.B.PAKSOY’A AİTTİR ...

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The Magna Carta of 1215, signed between the Barons of the English polity and the King was also an attempt to restore harmony at a higher level, among and within the governing strata rather than directed strictly at the public good. Napoleonic codes, to a certain extent---whether influenced by the American declarations or not--(not forgetting the Swedish example), followed the thought that it was necessary for the government to spend part of the tax income toward constructing state infrastructure such as roads, ports, and so on. This construction of the infrastructure was meant to stimulate the economy, so that more income would yield greater tax receipts, as well as organizing the polity for future wars. It was recognized, by experience, that the increasing cost of fighting wars, defensive or offensive, required maximum use of all available resources. And, the state---or the ruling strata--- could not accomplish that task alone; participation of the members of the polity was imperative, with or without their consent....

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3. Role of technology in the human conflict between authoritarianism and pluralism A short overview of authoritarianism and pluralism may be beneficial: Authoritarian governance system comes in several flavors, and can be organized around a belief system (Judaism, Buddhism, Christianity, Islam, Confucianism, et al); a social order (communism, socialism, mercantilism); military leadership (juntas of various degrees and social orientations); philosophical strain (utopianism, stoicism, realpolitik, opportunism); or, commercial interests (mercantilism, capitalism, ‘mixed’ economy). The ruling strata of an authoritarian society is usually very small, and seldom allows participation of any kind from the masses it controls. It is generally inflexible and doctrinaire, seeks to impose a particular set of rules on the society no matter what the cost. Pluralism, on the other hand, has rarely achieved a wide-spread application in the practical sense. Republicanism and democracy came closest, but not entirely. True pluralism would allow for all the voices in a polity equal hearing. This aspect makes pluralism a highly contentious system,...

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Lectures on Central Asia; Table of Contents H.B. Paksoy, D. Phil. Table of Contents Leviathan*: Identity Interactions between Society and Technology Governing with the wiggle of a Mustache Leavening of Culture, Identity, Civilization: Examples in Eurasian Traditions ‘Employee Owned’ Identity? Identity of Candied Watermelon The Question of ‘Religious Fundamentalism’ in Central Asia Identity Markers: Uran, Tamga, Dastan Thoughts on "Religious Fundamentalism" Identity in Central Asia Views of the 'outlaw concept' in comparative perspective: 'The American West' and the "Zeybeks in the Turk lands" Benjamin Franklin and Nasreddin of Asia Minor An open letter to the editorial board of Hurriyat (Mustakil Gazeta), Tashkent Ozbek Republic ...

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The present volume presents essays on eight Central Asian Monuments. Each essay discusses one Monument, placing it in historical perspective. Some works are very early products of Central Asian thought. A few, are quite new, that is, were produced in the 19th and the 20th centuries. They all, however, are repositories of thought and culture and all have had palpable repercussions. Their enduring quality is manifested in repeated references to them by present-day Central Asians in their own historical, literary, and even political writings. Indeed, this use of Monuments provided an additional reason for undertaking this collection. In a time when Central Asia's importance to the world affairs is again resurgent, it is necessary to understand the intellectual nucleus of Central Asians' mode of thinking. This is especially important, because an overwhelming majority of Central Asian writings do not appear in any other language than their own dialects. The appreciation of these Monuments, their messages and their influence over time contributes to the understanding of current issues precisely because they are directly linked in the mind...

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The Central Asian authors have responded to the restrictions on history writing by reporting accurate history and relaying messages of the past in the guise of literature. The field of literature has its own strictures. Thus, Central Asians have tried to ensure that their output is both the real history and sufficiently veiled (for example, under the "yarn" genre) to pass censorship. This is an effort to maintain the historical identity which Central Asians see is under attack by the Russian-dominated party, state and academic apparatus in the official "histories." One must observe the recent publishing activity of the Central Asians, in their dialects, especially since late 1970s. These efforts represent a renewal of activity since the interruption caused by the "liquidations" of the 1930s....

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CENTRAL ASIAN MONUMENTS Edited by H. B. Paksoy ________________________________________ Table of Contents • H. B. Paksoy Introduction • H. B. Paksoy Sun Is Also Fire: Ibadinov's Kuyas Ham Alav • Peter B. Golden (Rutgers) Codex Comanicus • Richard Frye (Harvard) Narshaki's The History of Bukhara • Robert Dankoff (Chicago) Adab Literature • Uli Schamiloglu (Wisconsin-Madison) Umdet ul Ahbar • Kevin Krisciunas (Joint Astronomy Centre) Ulug Beg's Zij • Audrey Altstadt (UMass-Amherst) Bakikhanli's Nasihatlar • Edward J. Lazzerini (New Orleans) Gaspirali's Tercuman • David S. Thomas (Rhode Island), Akcura's Uc Tarz-i Siyaset ________________________________________ ISBN: 975-428-033-9 Library of Congress Card Catalog: DS329.4 .C46 1992 173 Pp. (paperback) US$20 ISIS Press 1992 Isis Press Semsibey Sokak 10 81210 Beylerbeyi Istanbul Turkey Phone: +90 + 216 321 38 51 FAX: +90 + 216 321 86 66 Please refer to the printed version for footnotes. ...

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The struggle of the Central Asians to preserve this dastan in the face of Soviet attacks upon it is the central focus of the present work. The attacks and attempts to save the Alpamysh dastan may be divided into two "phases" -- the first is represented by the Central Asians' own efforts to record the dastan on paper and publish it widely in response to Russian occupation and ensuing Russification campaigns, Christian proselytization, "language reform," boundary revision and creation of special legal classifications and later, "nations," for Central Asians; the second "phase" involves altering the content of the dastan itself and its history or "lineage." The two "phases" are not successive and chronologically distinct, but overlap around the 1930s-1940s. The latest response to the attack has been a revival in the 1980s of dastans in a new form, as befits their own tradition. The in-depth examination of the struggle over the Alpamysh dastan, however, is more than the study of the treatment of a single historical and literary monument. It represents Soviet policy in Central Asia and Central Asian resilience in preserving the historic...

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Another representative sample of this early phase of the "movement" is A Manual on the Turanians and PanTuranianism33 (published by the British Admiralty, during the First World War) a work based on Vambery's Turkenvolk34 and compiled by Sir Denison Ross.35 Even Alexander Kerensky, in Paris exile after the Bolshevik Revolution, was utilizing the same "Turanian" rhetoric, calling it "a menace threatening the world."36 Despite its European origins and its European goals, the idea took root among some Central Asian emigres, especially those living in Europe, as it promised the removal of the Russian occupation and subsequent colonization in their homelands. ...

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements i Preface iii Chapter One ALPAMYSH and the Turkic Dastan Genre 1 Chapter Two Attempts to Destroy and Save Alpamysh, Phase I 18 Chapter Three The Alpamysh Dastan 50 Translation of Divay's 1901 Alpamysh 57 Commentary 98 Chapter Four Attempts to Destroy and Save Alpamysh, Phase II 120 Soviet Offensive 120 Composite Synopsis of Alpamysh 127 Alpamysh and the dastan genre in perspective 151 Select Bibliography 160 Index 163 Appendix Divay's 1901 Alpamysh 165...

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"The Roosevelt Corollary," a statement of president Theodore Roosevelt, was renewal of the Monroe Doctrine. The Monroe doctrine of 1823 informed Europe that the United States held that the rest of the Americas could only be colonized by the United States....

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Luzviminda Francisco, "The First Vietnam: The Philippine-American War of 1899," Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars 5, no.4 (December 1973): 2- 16.

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Letter of protest to U.S. general William R. Shafter, July 17, 1898

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Black Elk, "The End of the Dream" (1932). First printed in Black Elk, Black Elk Speaks (New York William Morrow & Company, 1932). Reprinted as Black Elk, Black Elk Speaks: Being the Lift Story of a Holy Man of the Oglala Sioux: As Told Through John G. Neihardy (Flaming Rainbow) (New York: Pocket Books/Bison Books, 1972), pp. 224-30....

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Source: From the Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs for 1891, volume 1, pages 179-181. Extracts from verbatim stenographic report of council held by delegations of Sioux with Commissioner of Indian Affairs, at Washington, February 11, 1891....

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"We Would Rather Have Died," Chief Standing Bear ( 1879)

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Chief Joseph's Surrender (October 5, 1877). Quoted in "The Surrender of Joseph" Harpers Weekly, vol. 21 (Whole no. 1090) (November 17, 1877), p. 906. Chief Joseph Recounts His Trip to Washington, D.C. (1879). Quoted in Chester Anders Fee, Chief Joseph: The Biography of a Great Indian (New York Wilson-Erickson, Inc., 1936), pp. 281-83....

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Miguel Barragan, Dispatch on Texas Colonists (October 31, 1835). From a letter signed by Jose Maria Tornel, Miguel Barragan's secretary of war. Quoted in General Miguel A. Santhez Lamego, The Siege and Taking of the Alamo, trans. Consuelo Velasco (Santa Fe: The Press of The Territorian, 1968), pp. 14-15- From the Historical Archives of the Secretary of National Defense, File XI/481.3/1145....

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Black Hawk's Surrender Speech, 1832.

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Cherokee Phoenix and Indians Advocate, Wednesday, January 20, 1830, Vol. II, no. 40, Page 1, col. 3a-5b.

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Source: Drake, Samuel. Biography and history of the Indians of North America, from its first discovery. Boston, B. B. Mussey, 1848.

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Sinister Wisdom Vol 25, Winter 1984.