Oecd: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2005

By World Health Organization

Book Id: WPLBN0000055333
Format Type: PDF eBook
File Size: 4.4 MB
Reproduction Date: 2005

Title:	Oecd: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2005
Author:	World Health Organization
Volume:
Language:	English
Subject:	Health., Public health, Wellness programs
Collections:	Medical Library Collection, World Health Collection
Historic Publication Date:
Publisher:	World Health Organization


Citation APA MLA Chicago Organization, W. H. (n.d.). Oecd. Retrieved from http://www.gutenberg.cc/

Description
Medical Reference Publication

Excerpt
ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT The OECD is a unique forum where the governments of 30 democracies work together to address the economic, social and environmental challenges of globalisation. The OECD is also at the forefront of efforts to understand and to help governments respond to new developments and concerns, such as corporate governance, the information economy and the challenges of an ageing population. The Organisation provides a setting where governments can compare policy experiences, seek answers to common problems, identify good practice and work to co-ordinate domestic and international policies. The OECD member countries are: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. The Commission of the European Communities takes part in the work of the OECD

Table of Contents
Table of Contents A. R&D and innovation: creating and diffusing knowledge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 A.1. Investment in knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 A.2. Trends in domestic R&D expenditure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 A.3. R&D financing and performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 A.4. R&D in non-OECD economies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 A.5. Business R&D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 A.6. Business R&D by size classes of firms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 A.7. Business R&D by industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 A.8. Health-related R&D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 A.9. R&D linkages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 A.10. Internationalisation of manufacturing R&D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 A.11. Government R&D budgets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 A.12. Tax treatment of R&D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 A.13. Innovation in small and medium-sized firms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 A.14. Scientific articles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 A.15. Venture capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 B. Human resources in science and technology: knowledge and skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 B.1. Flows of university graduates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 B.2. International mobility of doctoral students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 B.3. S&E doctorates and postdoctorates to foreign citizens in the United States . . . . . . . . . 50 B.4. Employment of tertiary-level graduates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 B.5. Human resources in science and technology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 B.6. International mobility of the highly skilled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 B.7. R&D personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 B.8. Researchers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 B.9. Foreign scholars in the United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 B.10. Human resources in S&T in non-OECD economies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 C. Patents: protecting and commercialising knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 C.1. Triadic patent families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 C.2. Patent intensity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .