World Health Organization Publication : Year 2001 ; Issue 9241530359: Concise International Chemical Assessment Document 35 ; N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone

By Bengt Akesson

Book Id: WPLBN0000158630
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Reproduction Date: 2005

Title:	World Health Organization Publication : Year 2001 ; Issue 9241530359: Concise International Chemical Assessment Document 35 ; N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone
Author:	Bengt Akesson
Volume:
Language:	English
Subject:	Health., Public health, Wellness programs
Collections:	Medical Library Collection, World Health Collection
Historic Publication Date:
Publisher:	World Health Organization


Citation APA MLA Chicago Akesson, B. B. (n.d.). World Health Organization Publication : Year 2001 ; Issue 9241530359. Retrieved from http://www.gutenberg.cc/

Description
Medical Reference Publication

Excerpt
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This CICAD on N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was based primarily on a review prepared for the Nordic Expert Group (Åkesson, 1994) and on a review of human health concerns prepared by the United Kingdom’s Health and Safety Executive (HSE, 1997). For data on environmental fate and behaviour, no comprehensive document of the same status was identified. Instead, HSDB (1997) was used as an additional source document. Supplementary unvalidated data, mainly ecotoxicological, were found in IUCLID (1995), and some additional articles were identified in the open literature (searched through July 1998). Information concerning the nature and availability of the source documents is presented in Appendix 1. Information on the peer review of this CICAD is presented in Appendix 2. This CICAD was considered at a meeting of the Final Review Board, held in Stockholm, Sweden, on 25–28 May 1999. Participants at the Final Review Board meeting are listed in Appendix 3. After the Final Review Board meeting, advice was sought from a consultative group, consisting of Dr B. Heinrich-Hirsch, BgVV, Germany, Mr Frank Sullivan, Consultant, United Kingdom, Dr Robert Chapin, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, USA, Dr Gary Kimmel, US Environmental Protection Agency, USA, and Professor Rolf Hertel, BgVV, Germany (Chair), regarding the interpretation of data on the reproductive toxicity of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. Based on the advice from this group, the author, in collaboration with the Secretariat, revised the relevant sections of the document. The revised CICAD was approved as an international assessment by the members of the Final Review Board in a mail ballot. The International Chemical Safety Card for N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (ICSC 0513), produced by the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS, 1993), has also been reproduced in this document. N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) (CAS No. 872-50-4) is a water-miscible organic solvent. It is a hygroscopic colourless liquid with a mild amine odour. NMP is used in the petrochemical industry, in the microelectronics fabrication industry, and in the manufacture of various compounds, including pigments, cosmetics, drugs, insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides. An increasing use of NMP is as a substitute for chlorinated hydrocarbons.

Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2. IDENTITY AND PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3. ANALYTICAL METHODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.1 Measurement of NMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.2 Measurement of NMP metabolites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4. SOURCES OF HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 5. ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSPORT, DISTRIBUTION, AND TRANSFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 6. ENVIRONMENTAL LEVELS AND HUMAN EXPOSURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 6.1 Environmental levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 6.2 Occupational exposure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 7. COMPARATIVE KINETICS AND METABOLISM IN LABORATORY ANIMALS AND HUMANS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 8. EFFECTS ON LABORATORY MAMMALS AND IN VITRO TEST SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 8.1 Single exposure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 8.2 Irritation and sensitization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 8.3 Short-term exposure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 8.3.1 Inhalation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 8.3.2 Oral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 8.4 Medium-term exposure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 8.4.1 Inhalation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 8.4.2 Oral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 8.5 Long-term exposure and carcinogenicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 8.6 Genotoxicity and related end-points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 8.6.1 In vitro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 8.6.2 In vivo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .