World Health Organization : Year 2004 ; The Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases Str Seb St, No. 04.2: Globalization and Infectious Diseases ; A Review of the Linkages

By World Health Organization

Book Id: WPLBN0000168649
Format Type: PDF eBook:
File Size: 0.5 MB
Reproduction Date: 2005

Title:	World Health Organization : Year 2004 ; The Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases Str Seb St, No. 04.2: Globalization and Infectious Diseases ; A Review of the Linkages
Author:	World Health Organization
Volume:
Language:	English
Subject:	Health., Public health, Wellness programs
Collections:	Medical Library Collection, World Health Collection
Historic Publication Date:
Publisher:	World Health Organization


Citation APA MLA Chicago Health Organization, B. W. (n.d.). World Health Organization : Year 2004 ; The Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases Str Seb St, No. 04.2. Retrieved from http://www.gutenberg.cc/

Description
Medical Reference Publication

Excerpt
1 INTRODUCTION Although there is a flourishing literature on globalization and health,1 much remains to be understood about how the processes of globalization affect health outcomes, and consequently about what local and global public health responses are appropriate. One major focus of this literature has been the links between globalization and infectious disease. There are particular concerns that globalization is impacting on the epidemiology of infectious disease, and on the capacity to effectively prevent, control and treat these diseases. It may, for example, influence the risk factors for specific diseases, and at the same time enhance the opportunities for improving surveillance, monitoring and reporting capacity through global information and communications technologies.

Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES, FIGURES AND BOXES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. BACKGROUND 2.1 What is globalization? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.2 Global burden of infectious disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3. GLOBALIZATION AND THE CHANGING NATURE OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE . . . . . . . . . . . 9 4. ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 4.1 World Trade Organization and multilateral trade agreements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 4.2 The global trade in food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 4.3 The global trade in pharmaceuticals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 5 GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 5.1 Global climate change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 5.1.1 Global warming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 5.1.2 Global weather change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 5.1.3 Vulnerability to global climate changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 5.2 Water supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 5.2.1 Large dams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 5.2.2 Small water projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 5.2.3 Displacements, disruptions, distant effects and migrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 5.3 Deforestation and land clearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 5.3.1 Deforestation, land clearance and “new” or “emerging” infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5.3.2 Vector-borne infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5.3.3 Pharmacological implications of loss of biodiversity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 6 GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE 6.1 Globalization and population mobility 6.1.1 Trends in population mobility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 6.1.2 The causes of population mobility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 6.1.3 Population mobility and infectious disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 6.2 Refugees and displaced persons . . . . . . . . .