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...Cyclopedia of issues in modern philosophy: The philosophy of science and religion, the cognitive sciences, cultural studies, aesthetics, art and literature, the philosophy of economics, the philosophy of psychology, and ethics....

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... All rights reserved. This book, or any part thereof, may not be used or reproduced in any manner without written permission from: Lidija Rangelovs... ... and Musings: http://philosophos.tripod.com The Silver Lining – Ethical Dilemmas in Modern Films http://samvak.tripod.com/film.html Download f... ... another's right - should never be confused with one SHOULD or OUGHT to do morally (in the absence of a right). The right to life has eight distinc... ...ose plane crashed in the Andes, the boat people fleeing Asia), denizens of besieged cities (e.g., during the siege of Leningrad), members of explora... ...l percentage of the population lived on trade behind the massive walls of Medieval cities. In most parts of central, eastern and southeastern Europ... ...s - only the profligate and parasitic members of a distinct minority inhabited the cities. The present brobdignagian agricultural sectors in countr... ...study conducted by Dr. Kenneth Kendler, professor of psychiatry and director of the Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, and ...

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...ect to the exception immediately following, this book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illustrations, in any form (beyond that co... .... It can be accessed through the author’s Web site at http://www.jz.org. Set in Adobe Garamond type by The Composing Room of Michigan, Inc. Printed in... ...c. Printed in the United States of America by R. R. Donnelley, Harrisonburg, Virginia. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Zittrain, Jo... ...a by R. R. Donnelley, Harrisonburg, Virginia. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Zittrain, Jonathan ( Jonathan L.), 1969– The future o... ...d cyber café, just as automated teller machines (ATMs) are dispersed around cities today. People could perform electronic document research over anot... ... THE LESSONS OF WIKIPEDIA 1. See Matthias Schulz, Controlled Chaos: European Cities Do Away with Traffic Signs, S O I’, Nov. 16, 2006, htt...

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...ll depend on a delicate balance between those ideas that are controlled and those that are free, between intellectual property and the public domain. In The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind (Yale University Press) James Boyle introduces readers to the idea of the public domain and describes how it is being tragically eroded by our current copyright, patent,...

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... be accessed through the author’s website at http://james-boyle.com. Printed in the United States of America. ISBN: 978-0-300-13740-8 Library of Congr... ...served mockery. “Want that insignia torn off your car, Dad? Then it would be in the public domain, right?” My colleagues at Duke are one of the main i... ... at Duke are one of the main influences on my work. I am lucky enough to work in the only “Center for the Study of the Public Domain” in the academic w... ...he soul, then Jefferson’s would conjure up Monticello or the Univer- sity of Virginia. There are a few revisions and interlineations, a couple of word... ...y men themselves. They consume, destroy, and devour whole fields, houses, and cities. Who were these sheep? Bizarre Dolly-like clones? Transgenic kille... ...Sally Hemings: An American Controversy (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1997) 1, 40–43, 60–61, 222. 6. Letter to McPherson, 336, quoted...

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Excerpt: The Voyage Out by Virginia Woolf.

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...olf A Penn State Electronic Classics Series Publication The Voyage Out by Virginia Woolf is a publication of the Pennsylvania State University. This ... ...rge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in any way does so at his or her own risk. Neither the Pennsylvania State U... ...ntained within the document or for the file as an electronic transmission, in any way. The Voyage Out by Virginia Woolf, the Pennsylvania State Univer... ... for the file as an electronic transmission, in any way. The Voyage Out by Virginia Woolf, the Pennsylvania State University, Electronic Classics Seri... ...ngoing student publication project to bring classical works of literature, in English, to free and easy access of those wishing to make use of them. C... ...y The Pennsylvania State University is an equal opportunity university. 3 Virginia Woolf The Voyage Out by Virginia Woolf Chapter I A s the streets t... ...d a few flick- ering lights in empty streets marked the places where their cities were built. Red and yellow omnibuses were crowding each other in Pic... ...irring it with his walking-stick and clouding the water with mud), “making cities and moun- tains and whole universes out of nothing, or do we really ... ... by day and by night, and partitioned into different lands, where fa- mous cities were founded, and the races of men changed from dark savages to whit...

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...ist of the navy for the command of squadrons and single ships such officers as he may believe that the good of the service requires to be thus placed in command; and such officers may, if upon the recommendation of the President of the United States they shall receive a vote of thanks of Congress for their services and gallantry in action against an enemy, be restored to t...

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...The Writings of Abraham Lincoln In Seven V olumes V olume 6 of 7 A Penn State Electronic Classics Series Pu... ...te Electronic Classics Series Publication The Writings of Abraham Lincoln in Seven Volumes – Volume Six is a publication of the Pennsyl- vania State ... ...rge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in any way does so at his or her own risk. Neither the Pennsylvania State U... ...LLAN. W ASHINGTON CITY, May 15, 1862. MAJOR-GENERAL McCLELLAN, Cumberland, Virginia: Y our long despatch of yesterday is just received. I will answer ... ...S. WAR DEPARTMENT, May 24, 1862. 1.30 P.M. COLONEL MILES, Harper’s Ferry, Virginia Could you not send scouts from Winchester who would tell whether e... .... WAR DEPARTMENT, May 24, 1862. 7.15 P.M. MAJOR-GENERAL FREMONT, Franklin, Virginia: Many thanks for the promptness with which you have answered that ... ...mitted by private messengers, who pursued a circuitous way to the seaboard cities, inland across the States of Pennsylva- nia and Ohio and the norther... ...ay, in your judgment, be neces- sary to garrison and hold all the numerous cities and military 69 The Writings of Abraham Lincoln: V ol Six positions... ...thampton, Elizabeth City, Y ork, Princess Anne, and Norfolk, including the cities of Norfolk and Portsmouth), and which excepted parts are for the pre...

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...rge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in any way does so at his or her own risk. Neither the Pennsylvania State U... ...ntained within the document or for the file as an electronic transmission, in any way. North America: Volume Two by Anthony Trollope, the Pennsylvania... ...ngoing student publication project to bring classical works of literature, in English, to free and easy access of those wishing to make use of them. C... ...ss. And yet Washington has been a failure. It is commerce that makes great cities, and commerce has refused to back the general’s choice. New York and... ...and Philadelphia, without any political power, have become great among the cities of the earth. They are beaten by none except by London and Paris. Bu... ...y any speedy increase. Three avenues sweep the whole length of Washington: Virginia Avenue, Pennsylvania Avenue, and Massachusetts Avenue. But Pennsyl... ...to what was intended than does Washington. For myself, I do not believe in cities made after this fashion. Commerce, I think, must select the site of ... ..., perhaps, a little tinged with 21 Trollope Southern proclivities. On the Virginian side of the Potomac stands a country- house called Arlington Heig... ...the river, and that Arlington Heights, Alexandria, and Mount Vernon are in Virginia. The River Potomac divided the two old colonies, or States as they...

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...Excerpt: In June last a division was substantially lost at or near Winchester, Va. At the time, it was under General Milroy as immediate commander in the field, General Schenck as department commander at Baltimore, and General Halleck...

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...The Writings of Abraham Lincoln In Seven V olumes V olume 7 of 7 A Penn State Electronic Classics Series Pu... ...te Electronic Classics Series Publication The Writings of Abraham Lincoln in Seven Volumes – Volume Seven is a publication of the Penn- sylvania Stat... ...rge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in any way does so at his or her own risk. Neither the Pennsylvania State U... ...and Duffle got considerable advantage of the enemy at and about Lewisburg, Virginia: and on Saturday, the seventh, Meade drove the enemy from Rappahan... ...to me as directed a day or two ago, also send Edwin C. Claybrook, of Ninth Virginia rebel cavalry. A. LINCOLN. 54 The Writings of Abraham Lincoln: V ... ...atriot, I should be glad for him to be with his old acquaintances south of Virginia, but I am unable to suggest anything definite upon the subject. A.... ...Congressional Districts, and it would overwhelm us to attempt in counties, cities and towns. Nevertheless we do what we can to oblige in particular c... ...irs, first begun at Chicago and next held in Boston, Cincinnati, and other cities. The motive and object that lie at the bottom of them are worthy of...

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...rge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in any way does so at his or her own risk. Neither the Pennsylvania State U... ...ntained within the document or for the file as an electronic transmission, in any way. Spoon River Anthology by Edgar Lee Masters, the Pennsylvania St... ...ngoing student publication project to bring classical works of literature, in English, to free and easy access of those wishing to make use of them. C... ...e white trash here? And of more direct lineage than the New Englanders And Virginians of Spoon River? Y ou would not believe that I had been to school... ...your vision watched for men and women Hiding in burrows of fate amid great cities, Looking for the souls of them to come out, So that you could see Ho... ...MY valiant fight! For I call it valiant, With my father’s beliefs from old Virginia: Hating slavery, but no less war. I, full of spirit, audacity, cou... ... That’s my son. Hamilton Greene I WA S the only child of Frances Harris of Virginia And Thomas Greene of Kentucky, Of valiant and honorable blood both... ... something washed and ironed. Harmon Whitney OUT of the lights and roar of cities, Drifting down like a spark in Spoon River, Burnt out with the fire ... ...hered power of my soul was moving So swiftly it seemed to be at rest Under cities of cloud and under 123 Edgar Lee Masters Spheres of silver and chan...

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...rge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in any way does so at his or her own risk. Nei- ther the Pennsylvania State... ...ntained within the document or for the file as an electronic transmission, in any way. One of Our Conquerors by George Meredith, the Pennsylvania Stat... ...ngoing student publication project to bring classical works of literature, in En- glish, to free and easy access of those wishing to make use of them.... ... of it, that oppres- sively shadowed his vanquisher: The Daniel Lambert of Cities: the Female Annuitant of Nations:—and such like, wretched stuff, pro... ...d there a newspaper, harder to repress completely than sewer- gas in great cities: and her mother had seen, with an appre- hensive pang of anguish, ho... ...r for grave debate in the Radnor family. The Duvidney ladies, Dorothea and Virginia, would have cited ancestral names, showing it to be the worst of i... ...personally fail? Fredi stays at Moorsedge for a month or two. Dorothea and Virginia Duvidney will give her a taste of a new society; good for the girl... ...NTOUS EFFECTS PRODUCED BY VERY MINOR CAUSES THE MAIDEN LADIES Dorothea and Virginia Duvidney were thin—sweet old-fashioned grey gentlewomen, demurely ... ...re an au- dience of high-priced tickets, in the principal North Ameri- can Cities, previous to the embarcation for Japan at San Fran- cisco. Mr. Fenel...

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...Excerpt: In the eleven years that separated the Declaration of the Independence of the United States from the completion of that act in the ordination of our written Constitution, the great minds of America were bent upon the study of...

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...Henry Reeve A Penn State Electronic Classics Series Publication Democracy in America, Volumes One and Two by Alexis de Tocqueville, trans. Henry Reev... ...rge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in any way does so at his or her own risk. Neither the Pennsylvania State U... ...ained within the document or for the file as an elec- tronic transmission, in any way. Democracy in America, Volumes One and Two by Alexis de Tocquevi... ...eople are more rude in aristocratic coun- tries than elsewhere, in opulent cities than in rural districts. In those places where the rich and powerful... ...us that these very tribes *We learn from President Jefferson’s “Notes upon Virginia,” p. 148, that among the Iroquois, when attacked by a superior for... ...ctions of the American Philosophical Society,” v. I; Jefferson’s “Notes on Virginia,” pp. 135-190. What is said by Jefferson is of especial weight, on... ...eople are more rude in aristocratic coun- tries than elsewhere, in opulent cities than in rural districts. In those places where the rich and powerful... ...w World. *i The Europeans *We learn from President Jefferson’s “Notes upon Virginia,” p. 148, that among the Iroquois, when attacked by a superior for... ...d when *This may have been true in 1832, but is not so in 1874, when great cities like Chicago and San Francisco have sprung up in the Western States....

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...The Writings of Abraham Lincoln In Seven V olumes V olume 5 of 7 A Penn State Electronic Classics Series Pu... ...te Electronic Classics Series Publication The Writings of Abraham Lincoln in Seven Volumes – Volume Five is a publication of the Penn- sylvania State... ...rge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in any way does so at his or her own risk. Neither the Pennsylvania State U... ...ty-four. In the Old Dominion—in the Demo- cratic and aristocratic State of Virginia—there were a few more mulattoes than the Census-takers found in Ne... ...vision and allowing them to have slaves. A report made by Mr. Randolph, of Virginia, himself a slaveholder, was directly against it, and the action wa... ...essed that idea. That same idea was expressed by the Richmond Enquirer, in Virginia, in 1856,—quite two years before it was expressed by the first of ... ...ent means to counteract, even, if neces- sary, to the bombardment of their cities and, in the extremist necessity, the suspension of the writ of habea...

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...Excerpt: This is America--a town of a few thousand, in a region of wheat and corn and dairies and little groves. The town is, in our tale, called ?Gopher Prairie, Minnesota.? But its Main Street is the continuation of Main Streets everywhere. The story would be the same in Ohi...

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...rge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in any way does so at his or her own risk. Neither the Pennsylvania State U... ...ntained within the document or for the file as an electronic transmission, in any way. Main Street by Sinclair Lewis, the Pennsylvania State Universit... ...ngoing student publication project to bring classical works of literature, in English, to free and easy access of those wishing to make use of them. C... ...arms beyond.” “I know but— Of course I’ve spent nine years around the Twin Cities—took my B.A. and M.D. over at the U., and had my internship in a hos... ... theirs is a pio- neer land. What is its future? she wondered. A future of cities and factory smut where now are loping empty fields? Homes universal ... ...and the sky was wider and loftier and more resolutely blue than the sky of cities…she declared. “It’s a glorious country; a land to be big in,” she cr... ... coaxing to all persons over forty-five, Carol got them into a waltz and a Virginia Reel. But when she left them to disenjoy themselves in their own w... ...prettiness of Maud Dyer, and Vida was noisily in- terested in getting up a Virginia Reel. Without seeming 261 Sinclair Lewis to watch Kennicott, she ... ...tan Apollo nameless and evasive—building a house in the Berk- shires or in Virginia; exuberantly buying a chair with his first check; reading poetry t...

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...rge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in any way does so at his or her own risk. Neither the Pennsylvania State U... ...ntained within the document or for the file as an electronic transmission, in any way. Summer by Edith Wharton, the Pennsylvania State University, Ele... ...ngoing student publication project to bring classical works of literature, in English, to free and easy access of those wishing to make use of them. C... ...by: in spite of his shyness he had the air of power that the experience of cities probably gave. It was the fact of having lived in Nettleton that mad... ...tiful way of speaking, and who lived in a brown-stone rectory covered with Virginia creeper. It had been a shock to discover that the privilege was al... ...ings and goings from Hepburn, Nettleton, Springfield and even more distant cities; and whenever a visitor arrived he was led across the hall, and trea... ..., have come only on a pious pilgrimage, and will go back presently to busy cities and lives full of larger duties. But that is not the only way of com... ...irst crisp maple-leaves began to spin across Miss Hatchard’s lawn, and the Virginia creeper on the Memorial splashed the white porch with scarlet. It ... ...scarlet. It was a golden triumphant September. Day by day the flame of the Virginia creeper spread to the hillsides in wider waves of carmine and crim...

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...harge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in any way does so at his or her own risk. Neither the Pennsylvania State... ...contained within the document or for the file as an electronic transmission, in any way. Across the Plains by Robert Louis Stevenson, the Pennsylvania... ... ongoing student publication project to bring classical works of literature, in English, to free and easy access of those wishing to make use of them.... ...tately and primeval Memphis; there they have their seat, translated names of cities, where the Missis- sippi runs by T ennessee and Arkansas; and both... ...ll be enriched, his pages sing spontane- ously, with the names of states and cities that would strike the fancy in a business circular. Late in the ev... ... the Golden Gates; how at each stage of the construction, roaring, impromptu cities, full of gold and lust and death, sprang up and then died away aga... ...tates of the North had sent out a fugitive to cross the plains with me. From Virginia, from Pennsylvania, from New York, from far western Iowa and Kan...

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...rge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in any way does so at his or her own risk. Neither the Pennsylvania State U... ...ntained within the document or for the file as an electronic transmission, in any way. Pandora by Henry James, the Pennsylvania State University, Elec... ...ngoing student publication project to bring classical works of literature, in English, to free and easy access of those wishing to make use of them. C... ...y the case in the months of spring, when the inhabitants of the commercial cities came so far south- ward to escape, after the long winter, that final... ...the most definite—about the yellow sheen of the Potomac, the hazy hills of Virginia, the far-gleaming pediment of Ar- lington, the raw confused-lookin...

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... and perhaps of very few writers, putting aside the three or four greatest of all, is it so difficult to select one or a few short phrases which will in any way denote them, much more sum them up. Yet the five words quoted above, which come from an early letter to his sister when as yet he had not ?found his way,? characterize him, I think, better than at least some of the...

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...rge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in any way does so at his or her own risk. Neither the Pennsylvania State U... ...ntained within the document or for the file as an electronic transmission, in any way. The Human Comedy: Introductions & Appendix by Honoré de Balzac,... ...ngoing student publication project to bring classical works of literature, in English, to free and easy access of those wishing to make use of them. C... ...ssian, Julie d’Etanges, My Uncle Toby, Werther, Corinne, Adolphe, Paul and Virginia, Jeanie Deans, Claverhouse, Ivanhoe, Manfred, Mignon, than to set ... ...nd vice and unbridled powers which conduce to the habits peculiar to great cities, where the extremes of good and evil meet. Each of these divisions h...

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...Excerpt: One confidential evening, not three months ago, Lionel Wallace told me this story of the Door in the Wall. And at the time I thought that so far as he was concerned it was a true story. He told it me with such a direct simplicity of conviction that I could not do otherwise than believe in him. But in the morning, in m...

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...Contents THE DOOR IN THE WALL ............................................................................................................ 4 THE STAR ................................................................................................

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... H. G. WELLS A Penn State Electronic Classics Series Publication The Door in the Wall and other stories by H. G. Wells is a publication of the Pennsy... ...rge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in any way does so at his or her own risk. Neither the Pennsylvania State U... ...ained within the document or for the file as an electronic trans- mission, in any way. The Door in the Wall and other stories by H. G. Wells, the Penn... ...aph took that up, and it trembled along telephone wires, and in a thousand cities grimy compositors fingered the type. “It is nearer.” Men writing in ... ...ould see to read quite ordinary print by that cold clear light, and in the cities the lamps burnt yellow and wan. And everywhere the world was awake t... ...f bees in the heather, and this murmurous tumult grew to a clangour in the cities. It was the tolling of the bells in a million belfry towers and stee... ...breath of hot wind blew now with its rising and gathering strength, and in Virginia, and Brazil, and down the St. Lawrence val- ley, it shone intermit...

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...Excerpt: It is nearly eight years since this book was first published. I present it, unaltered, in the Cheap Edition; and such of my opinions as it expresses, are quite unaltered too. My readers have opportunities of judging for themselves whether the influences and tendencies which I distrust in America, have any exist...

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...ge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in any way does so at his or her own risk . Neither the Pennsylvania State ... ...ntained within the document or for the file as an electronic transmission, in any way. American Notes for General Circulation by Charles Dickens , th... ...ngoing student publication project to bring classical works of literature, in English, to free and easy access of those wishing to make use of them. C... ...ses and all conditions. In the kind of pro vincial life which prevails in cities such as this, the Pulpit has great influence. The peculiar province ... ...e roof of the Governor of the State, until Monday morning. These towns and cities of New England (many of which would be villages in Old England), are... ...treets: not, per haps, that there are more here, than in other commercial cities; but elsewhere, they have particular haunts, and you must find them ... ...mpany, in a new chapter. CHAPTER IX —A NIGHT STEAMER ON THE POTOMAC RIVER. VIRGINIA ROAD, AND A BLACK DRIVER. RICHMOND. BALTIMORE. THE HARRISBURG MAIL... ...ng away; the sheds are patched and half roofless; the log cabins (built in Virginia with external chimneys made of clay or wood) are squalid in the la...

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...rge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in any way does so at his or her own risk. Neither the Pennsylvania State U... ...ntained within the document or for the file as an electronic transmission, in any way. Babbitt by Sinclair Lewis, the Pennsylvania State University, E... ...ngoing student publication project to bring classical works of literature, in English, to free and easy access of those wishing to make use of them. C... ...s souls at an average cost of less than ten dollars a head.” Of the larger cities of the land, only Zenith had hesi- tated to submit its vices to Mike... ...s to hold its annual convention at Monarch, Zenith’s chief rival among the cities of the state. Babbitt was an official delegate; another was Cecil Ro... ...as restored by meeting del- egates from Sparta, Pioneer, and other smaller cities of the state, who listened respectfully when, as a magnifico from th... ...our vertebrae. Well, my guest to-day is from such a place, Harper’s Ferry, Virginia, in the beautiful Southland, with 226 Babbitt memories of good ol... ...ntity. He recalled their high lights the sum- 302 Babbitt mer vacation in Virginia meadows under the blue wall of the mountains; their motor tour thr...

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...arge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in any way does so at his or her own risk. Neither the Pennsylvania Stat... ...ntained within the document or for the file as an electronic transmis sion, in any way. The Tragedy of Pudd’nhead Wilson by Mark Twain (Samuel L. Cle... ... ongoing student publication project to bring classical works of literature, in English, to free and easy access of those wishing to make use of them,... ...out forty years old, judge of the county court. He was very proud of his old Virginian ancestry, and in his hospitalities and his rather formal and st... ...er. Pembroke Howard, lawyer and bachelor, aged almost forty, was another old Virginian grandee with proved descent from the First Families. He was a f... ...majestic creature, a gentle man according to the nicest requirements of the Virginia rule, a devoted Presbyterian, an authority on the “code”, and a ... ...ful Italian “freak”—or “freaks”—which was—or which were—on exhibition in our cities—a combination consist The Tragedy of Pudd nhead Wilson - Mark Tw...